{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T20:11:45Z","timestamp":1770754305880,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,23]],"date-time":"2019-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011002","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China-Yunnan Joint Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 8167041124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 8167041124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic progressive oral disease with cancerous tendency. Arecoline plays an important role in the pathogenesis of OSF. Fibroblasts (FBs) are the primary cells involved in the pathogenesis of OSF. There is a change in CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>IL\u201017<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> helper T cells (Th17) and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> regulatory T cells (Treg) in OSF patients, but the molecular mechanisms of are not clearly understood. In this work, we studied the molecular mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Enzyme digestion was used to extract primary FBs, and immunofluorescence was used to identify FBs. Cytotoxic experiment was then performed to determine the effect of arecoline on FB activity. Enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect changes in the amount of cytokines. In addition, we treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with the above cytokines and detected their changes. Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes of Th17 and Treg, and quantitative\u2010polymerase chain reaction (Q\u2010PCR) was used to detect the changes of ROR\u03b3t and Foxp3.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have found that the stimulation of arecoline on FBs increased interleukin\u20102, interleukin\u20106, and interleukin\u201021 (IL\u20102, IL\u20106, and IL\u201021) while decreased transforming growth cytokine\u2010\u03b2 (TGF\u2010\u03b2). After the cytokine\u2010containing supernatant was co\u2010cultured with PBMC, the cytometry results showed that Th17 was increased, while Treg was significantly decreased and Q\u2010PCR results showed that ROR\u03b3t expression was increased and Foxp3 expression was decreased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The arecoline can affect inflammatory cytokines produced by FBs, which then act on immune cells Th17 and Treg, and make them change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T20:19:50Z","timestamp":1571084390000},"page":"156-163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Cytokines secreted by arecoline activate fibroblasts that affect the balance of TH17 and Treg"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Liping","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya Stomatological Hospital Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liqun","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya Stomatological Hospital Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9137-1784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhangui","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya Stomatological Hospital Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"102","volume-title":"Oral submucous fibrosis","author":"Warnakulasuriya 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