{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:42:02Z","timestamp":1787168522151,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After over 80\u00a0years of much obsession as well as avoidance of the subject of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), the dental profession is still divided over what they are and how to deal with them. Over this period, nearly every discipline in dentistry has played some role in the development of this field. Unfortunately, a significant amount of this information has been based on personal opinion, experience\u2010based philosophies, or poorly conducted research. Furthermore, each dental specialty has been responsible for contributing to the concepts of the etiology and management of TMDs with their own professional bias; for example, orthodontists describe these problems in orthodontic terms and offer orthodontic treatments or solutions for their patients. As various treatment approaches were found to be effective at least some of the time, this has further led to misinformation and confusion within the profession. Advances in research from diverse fields, including neurophysiology, pain pathophysiology, genetics, endocrinology, behavioral sciences, and psychology, have significantly altered our understanding of TMDs and how they should be managed. The rigid mechanical and dental\u2010based model of the past has been gradually replaced by a biopsychosocial medical model for the diagnosis and treatment of TMDs as well as other acute and chronic pain disorders. This paper discusses the evolution of our understanding of TMDs since they were first described 85\u00a0years ago. Contemporary scientific findings and their implications are presented in some detail for clinicians who wish to provide the appropriate management for their orofacial pain patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]],"date-time":"2020-06-25T16:39:59Z","timestamp":1593103199000},"page":"461-469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["The evolution of temporomandibular disorders: A shift from experience to evidence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9595-4493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjivan","family":"Kandasamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Advanced Dental Education Saint Louis University Saint Louis MO USA"},{"name":"Private Practice, West Australian Orthodontics Midland WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles S.","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics College of Dentistry University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Orofacial Pain: Guidelines for Assessment, Diagnosis, and Management","author":"American Academy of Orofacial Pain","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(97)90091-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348943404300101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"1507","article-title":"Some features of the mandibular articulation as it pertains to medical diagnosis, especially in otolaryngology","volume":"24","author":"Costen JB","year":"1937","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1948.0021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"The Temporomandibular Joint","author":"Zimmerman AA","year":"1951"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0096-6347(44)90110-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1947.0067"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"233","article-title":"Effect of occlusion\u2010raising procedures on the chewing system","volume":"20","author":"Christensen J","year":"1970","journal-title":"Dent Pract Dent Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1927.0218"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"401","article-title":"Functions of the occlusal surfaces of teeth","volume":"13","author":"Stallard H","year":"1930","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","volume-title":"A Research Report: Gnathology","author":"Stuart CE","year":"1955"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016356709072519"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(65)90096-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(73)90269-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Principles employed in full denture prostheses which may be applied in other fields of dentistry","volume":"16","author":"Schuyler CH","year":"1929","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(57)90096-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Studies in the mobility of the human mandible","volume":"10","author":"Posselt U","year":"1952","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","volume-title":"Occlusion","author":"Ramfjord SP","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"621","volume-title":"Occlusal Rehabilitation","author":"Mann AW","year":"1963"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","volume-title":"Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Occlusal Problems","author":"Dawson PE","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-8532(22)03194-9","article-title":"The Denar system and its application in everyday dentistry","volume":"23","author":"Guichet NF","year":"1979","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(80)90002-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(75)90100-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Neuromuscular aspects of occlusion. 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