{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T19:16:06Z","timestamp":1781723766014,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare and potentially fatal autoimmune blistering disease. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and histopathological analysis are crucial methods for PV diagnosis, but oral tissue biopsy is difficult to perform because of the fragile characteristics of the oral mucosa. However, no well\u2010designed diagnostic studies addressing the validity of DIF analysis of oral Tzanck smears for the diagnosis of PV exist. We aimed to design a diagnostic test based on DIF analysis combined with oral Tzanck smears and evaluate its diagnostic accuracy for PV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled 81 patients with oral erosive lesions, of whom 41 patients had PV and 40 were non\u2010PV controls. Oral Tzanck smears were obtained from oral mucosal lesions and observed under a fluorescence microscope after fixing and fluorescence staining. The diagnostic efficacy indexes including sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, Youden index, diagnostic odds ratio, and likelihood ratio were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 41 PV patients, 36 showed DIF\u2010positive findings for oral Tzanck smears, and all 36 DIF\u2010positive PV patients showed IgG and\/or C3 deposition, with seven also showing IgA and\/or IgM positivity. None of the non\u2010PV controls showed DIF positivity. The sensitivity and specificity of DIF analysis with oral Tzanck smears were 87.80% and 100%, respectively. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) was 0.939, with the test demonstrating significantly high diagnostic efficacy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>DIF analysis of oral Tzanck smears is a minimally invasive and easy\u2010to\u2010operate technique that can assist the rapid and accurate diagnosis of PV in dental clinic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]],"date-time":"2021-09-18T21:59:40Z","timestamp":1632002380000},"page":"1050-1056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Direct immunofluorescence analysis of oral Tzanck smears for pemphigus vulgaris: A diagnostic test"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Wenxiu","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology National Center of Stomatology National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology National Center of Stomatology National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaosheng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology National Center of Stomatology National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1198-508X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology National Center of Stomatology National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology National Center of Stomatology National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials Beijing 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