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Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and phosphorylated Akt protein expression were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and quantified using a digital algorithm. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene amplification was analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization\u00a0in the tongue squamous cell carcinoma cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clinical appearance and dysplasia grade were correlated with oral leukoplakia malignant transformation. Oral leukoplakia cases presenting high fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 expression showed a higher risk of malignant transformation (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.016, HR: 7.3, 95% CI: 1.4\u201337.4). Phosphorylated Akt showed faint to no expression in oral leukoplakia, which did not correlate with dysplasia grade or malignant transformation. High expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and phosohorylated Akt were associated with poor overall survival and disease\u2010free survival in tongue squamous cell carcinoma, although only fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.024; HR: 4.9, 95% CI: 1.2\u201319.9). Cases presenting double fibroblast growth factor receptor 1\/phosphorylated Akt overexpression (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a08) showed markedly impaired overall survival (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.020; HR: 6.4, 95% CI: 1.3\u201331.1) and disease\u2010free survival (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001, HR: 13.0, 95% CI: 3.0\u201355.7). Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 amplification was observed in 16.6% of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cases, being correlated with vascular and neural invasion (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001 and 0.017, respectively), but not with fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 protein expression, overall survival, or disease\u2010free survival.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 protein expression is an important prognostic factor in oral leukoplakia and tongue squamous cell carcinoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]],"date-time":"2022-12-24T07:38:31Z","timestamp":1671867511000},"page":"119-126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<scp>FGFR1<\/scp>\n                    is an important prognostic factor in oral leukoplakia and tongue squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8036-0705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno Augusto Linhares Almeida","family":"Mariz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School University of Campinas (UNICAMP)  Piracicaba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4563-6531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00edsa","family":"Sales de S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School University of Campinas (UNICAMP)  Piracicaba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3725-8051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Luiza Damaceno","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School University of Campinas (UNICAMP)  Piracicaba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1290-6235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla Isabelly Rodrigues","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School University of Campinas (UNICAMP)  Piracicaba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3694-5025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda Viviane","family":"Mariano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Campinas (UNICAMP)  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2040-6617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan Roger","family":"Santos\u2010Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School University of Campinas (UNICAMP)  Piracicaba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6677-0065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcio Ajudarte","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School University of Campinas (UNICAMP)  Piracicaba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1840-4911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo Agustin","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School University of Campinas (UNICAMP)  Piracicaba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2002-8003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oslei Paes","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School University of Campinas (UNICAMP)  Piracicaba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0481-156X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Paulo","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology A. 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