{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:33:46Z","timestamp":1791855226494,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) carries significant global mortality rates. Brush cytology presents a potential adjunctive tool for early detection and monitoring of OSCC and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). This study aims to systematically evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cytology for detecting OSCC and OPMDs compared to histopathology as the reference standard. We conducted a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis following PRISMA\u2010DTA guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to January 2023 (updated in March 2025). Eligible studies included cohort studies evaluating cytology versus histopathological diagnosis. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using QUADAS\u20102. We used the Hierarchical Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic model for meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 2603 identified studies, 53 met inclusion criteria, comprising 13,249 patients. Cytology demonstrated a pooled sensitivity of 0.914 (95% CI: 0.878\u20130.941) and specificity of 0.960 (95% CI: 0.937\u20130.975). The diagnostic odds ratio was 137.502 (95% CI: 79.733\u2013237.127), with a positive likelihood ratio of 11.970 (95% CI: 9.005\u201315.912) and negative likelihood ratio of 0.096 (95% CI: 0.059\u20130.158). Subgroup analysis showed improved performance when exfoliative cytology was combined with DNA analysis or when using a metal spatula. Both conventional and liquid\u2010based cytology were effective, with the latter showing modest advantages. Heterogeneity was substantial across studies (I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200986.26%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cytology demonstrates good diagnostic accuracy for detecting OSCC and OPMDs and may serve as a valuable adjunctive screening tool. However, it does not replace histopathological examination as the diagnostic gold standard. Further research should focus on standardizing collection techniques and interpretation criteria. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42023438610.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.70010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T03:55:45Z","timestamp":1751342145000},"page":"507-527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Accuracy of Cytological Methods in Early Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0714-8697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoda","family":"Tayebi\u2010Hillali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Universidade de Santiago de Compostela  Santiago de Compostela Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9180-4703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro I.","family":"Lorenzo\u2010Pouso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Universidade de Santiago de Compostela  Santiago de Compostela Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), ORALRES Group  Santiago de Compostela Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xabier","family":"Marichalar\u2010Mend\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing I Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country  Bilbao Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2259-7971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"G\u00e1ndara\u2010Vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Universidade de Santiago de Compostela  Santiago de Compostela Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), ORALRES Group  Santiago de Compostela Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dolores","family":"Reboiras\u2010L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Universidade de Santiago de Compostela  Santiago de Compostela Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), ORALRES Group  Santiago de Compostela Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Blanco\u2010Carri\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Universidade de Santiago de Compostela  Santiago de Compostela Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), ORALRES Group  Santiago de Compostela Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Coppini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care University of Palermo  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5080-5921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vito Carlo Alberto","family":"Caponio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Health and Health Professions Link Campus University  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Say\u00e1ns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Universidade de Santiago de Compostela  Santiago de Compostela Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), ORALRES Group  Santiago de Compostela Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de los Materiales de Santiago de Compostela (iMATUS). 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