{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:52:18Z","timestamp":1772160738958,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Surgical procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery inevitably cause wound formation, making the patient vulnerable to infections as well as discomfort. As antioxidant agents exert great potential to accelerate wound healing, we investigated the effects of\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010acetylcysteine (NAC) and\n                      <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010carnitine (LC) on palatal wound healing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty\u2010four Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. 5\u2009mm diameter wounds were created in the hard palates of the rats. 150\u2009mg\/kg\/day NAC, 100\u2009mg\/kg\/day LC, or both were injected intraperitoneally to the treatment groups until sacrification on Day 5 or 10. Hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's Trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry (\u03b1\u2010SMA, FGF\u20102) were performed on wound tissues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On Days 5 and 10, reepithelialization was incomplete and inflammation was observed in all groups. Collagen density tended to increase in the LC and NAC\u2009+\u2009LC groups on Day 5, and significantly differed between the LC and NAC groups on day 10. A slight elevation in \u03b1\u2010SMA expression was observed in the NAC group on Day 5, while NAC\u2009+\u2009LC treatment significantly reduced \u03b1\u2010SMA levels compared to NAC alone. FGF\u20102 expression showed an increasing trend in the NAC\u2009+\u2009LC group on Day 5 and in the NAC and LC groups on Day 10. A significant increase in FGF\u20102 was observed in the NAC\u2009+\u2009LC group versus the NAC group on Day 5, and within the NAC group between Days 5 and 10.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings have shown that LC in the late stage and NAC\u2009+\u2009LC combination in the early stage may positively affect palatal wound healing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.70018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:23:42Z","timestamp":1754007822000},"page":"667-675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of\n                    <i>N<\/i>\n                    \u2010Acetylcysteine and\n                    <scp>l<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Carnitine on Wound Healing of Palatal Mucosa in a Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Gizem","family":"G\u00fcven\u00e7","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery \u0130zmir Katip \u00c7elebi University, Faculty of Dentistry  \u0130zmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7899-280X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asl\u0131","family":"Erdo\u011fan\u2010\u00d6ner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology \u0130zmir Katip \u00c7elebi University, Faculty of Medicine  \u0130zmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00fclten","family":"Kavak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery \u0130zmir Katip \u00c7elebi University, Faculty of Dentistry  \u0130zmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selen","family":"Akyol Bah\u00e7eci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology \u0130zmir Katip \u00c7elebi University, Faculty of Medicine  \u0130zmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Onur","family":"Kutlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery \u0130zmir Katip \u00c7elebi University, Faculty of Dentistry  \u0130zmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-024-00715-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-015-0047-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13602"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00016804"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13144127"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138920011796504536"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2013.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8852759"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12040787"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14517"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33808\/clinexphealthsci.1258371"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-012-1060-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-86502006000400011"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"Wound Healing, Care and Treatment","volume":"54","author":"Oztas P.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ankara E\u011fitim ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Hastanesi T\u0131p Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2010.03823.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18185\/erzifbed.845095"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9738\/INTSURG-D-14-00227.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001880"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2009.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-014-1329-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2008.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/145749691009900309"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"897","article-title":"A Preliminary Study on the Mechanisms of N\u2010Acetylcysteine in the Inhibition of Proliferation and Collagen Synthesis of Human Pulmonary Fibroblasts","volume":"32","author":"Hu J. 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