{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T13:03:47Z","timestamp":1772283827556,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Myogenic temporomandibular disorder (\n MTMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is a complex disorder of the masticatory apparatus. Many nonsurgical treatments have been introduced for treating\n MTMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n chronic pain.\n <\/jats:p>\n The aim of this study is to test the effect of Nd\u2010YAG laser versus epidermal growth factor (EGF) on painful chronic MTMD through monitoring pain scores and salivary pain mediators' levels.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Twenty\u2010seven patients with chronic painful\n MTMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , refractory to conventional treatments, were included in this study. Group I (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200913) was treated using Nd\u2010\n YAG<\/jats:styled-content>\n Laser. Group\n II<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200914) was treated by intramuscular\n EGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n injections. Pain score using the numerical rating scale (\n NRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 0\u201310), salivary nerve growth factor (\n NGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n , mg\/dL), and salivary glutamate (Glu, mg\/dL) were measured at baseline (day 0), 1, and 3\u2009months.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n NRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n decreased significantly in both groups at 1 and 3\u2009months compared to baseline. However, group\n II<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients only showed a significant increase in\n NRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n at 3\u2009months compared to 1\u2009month. In response to both treatments,\n NGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n levels decreased significantly at 1\u2009month compared to baseline. However,\n NGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n levels at 3\u2009months were significantly higher than baseline in both test groups. Glu levels showed a significant decrease in group\n II<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients only at 1 and 3\u2009months compared to baseline.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n The results of this clinical trial have shown, for the first time, that Nd\u2010\n YAG<\/jats:styled-content>\n laser and\n EGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n intramuscular injection can offer effective non\u2010 to minimally invasive treatment options for pain alleviation in chronic\n MTMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Salivary\n NGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n is a promising noninvasive sensitive biomarker for chronic painful\n MTMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n EGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n intramuscular injection had a direct effect on salivary Glu levels.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n This clinical trial was registered at\n ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n . Identifier: NCT06044974\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.70053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T12:30:31Z","timestamp":1756816231000},"page":"992-1000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Nd\u2010\n YAG<\/scp>\n Laser Versus Epidermal Growth Factor Injection on Salivary Pain Mediators in Myogenic Temporomandibular Disorders (A Randomized Clinical\u00a0Trial)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7217-0012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Passant Osama","family":"Qataya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Radiology and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azza 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