{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:37:38Z","timestamp":1787164658166,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DE030169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DE030169"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Inferring risk for malignant transformation (\n MT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in patients with lesions diagnosed as mild or moderate oral epithelial dysplasia (low\u2010grade\n OED<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) remains challenging. We developed two models assessing the risk of progression to high\u2010grade\n OED<\/jats:styled-content>\n (severe dysplasia or carcinoma in\u00a0situ) or\n OSCC<\/jats:styled-content>\n in patients with low\u2010grade\n OED<\/jats:styled-content>\n lesions.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We included demographic, risk habit and clinical data from participants with low\u2010grade\n OED<\/jats:styled-content>\n lesions enrolled in the\n BC<\/jats:styled-content>\n Oral Cancer Prevention Program's Oral Cancer Prediction Longitudinal study. Cox proportional hazard models were fit to estimate the effects of anatomic site and toluidine blue findings and adjusted for confounders, as both are associated with\n MT<\/jats:styled-content>\n in the literature but without a North American\u2010specific cohort analysis. Our primary model included both variables of interest. A\u00a0secondary model included only anatomic site since toluidine blue is not in widespread use.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Five hundred and thirty\u2010four participants with 605 lesions met final inclusion criteria, with 339 mild and 266 moderate\n OED<\/jats:styled-content>\n at baseline. In the primary model, lesions at a high\u2010risk anatomic site or with positive toluidine blue staining were associated with a 2.6 and 2.4\u2010fold increased risk of progression, respectively. In the second model that did not incorporate toluidine blue, high\u2010risk anatomic site remained a highly associated risk factor (2.7\u2010fold increased risk of progression).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Lesion anatomic site is associated with higher risk of\n MT<\/jats:styled-content>\n for the general practitioner, while a specialist with access to toluidine blue results can assume additional risk associated with positive staining. These models may inform decisions for surveillance and intervention for\n OED<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.70070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T06:43:46Z","timestamp":1759819426000},"page":"99-106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Features Associated With Malignant Transformation of Low\u2010Grade Dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Denise M.","family":"Laronde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Dentistry University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Cancer Control Research British Columbia Cancer Research Institute Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Berkowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics and Actuarial Science Simon Fraser University Burnaby Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Ross","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine New York University College of Dentistry New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erinn M.","family":"Hade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health New York University Grossman School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1751-9314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mutita","family":"Siriruchatanon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology New York University Grossman School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam P.","family":"Rosin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Control Research British Columbia Cancer Research Institute Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology Simon Fraser University Burnaby Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella K.","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health New York University Grossman School of Medicine New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology New York University Grossman School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2017.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-021-01402-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19840201)53:3<563::AID-CNCR2820530332>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2012.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2013.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2018.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12339"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13613"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-3153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2010.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-12-0173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-21-0134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13797"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2008.027276"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4808894"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/08-AOAS169"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2016.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2023.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13440"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2009.00782.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26851"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2020.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2021.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1996.tb00201.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(92)90241-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1018595"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(89)90286-7"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jop.70070","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:48:47Z","timestamp":1767746927000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jop.70070"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jop.70070"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jop.70070","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0904-2512","1600-0714"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0904-2512","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0714","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}