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A total of 108 studies were included, comprising 86 additional studies and 22 from a previous SR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall pooled prevalence of OPMDs was 4.67% (95% CI: 3.62\u20135.84). Prevalence of OPMDs was as follows: Asia (5.44%), followed by South America\/Caribbean (5.21%), and Europe (4.89%). Considering OPMD cases, the proportion was higher among males (62.87%) and individuals aged \u2265\u200950\u2009years (68.1%). Histopathological evidence of epithelial dysplasia was present in 46.21% of cases. Oral leukoplakia (OL), oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), and actinic cheilitis (AC) emerged as the most prevalent lesions, with relevant differences considering the geographic regions. OL and OSMF were the most common OPMDs in Asia, while OL and AC predominated in South America\/Caribbean, and in Europe OL remains the most frequently encountered OPMD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The global prevalence of OPMDs, estimated at approximately 5%, should be interpreted as a broad summary measure, given the substantial heterogeneity driven by regional variations possibly related to behavioral, biological, and\/or environmental risk factors. Future preventive efforts should focus on the type of OPMD prevalent in the region\/country. The heterogeneity across studies highlights the need for standardized, population\u2010based studies using WHO nomenclature to better define the global burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.70146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T07:34:57Z","timestamp":1777361697000},"page":"747-754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Global Prevalence of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5577-0294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Lonni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Health Sciences Center Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1454-5410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tulio Silva","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Health Sciences Center Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6990-9070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla Kammer","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Health Sciences Center Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5744-4954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilberto","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Health Sciences Center Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2103-0746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saman","family":"Warnakulasuriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, England, and WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7622-1550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliete Neves Silva","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, School of Health Sciences Universidade de Bras\u00edlia  Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8516-8771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena Riet Correa","family":"Rivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Pathology Department, Health Sciences Center Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cCancer Tomorrow \u201d2024 https:\/\/gco.iarc.who.int\/today\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572\u2010020\u201000224\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.jcrt_2720_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201052813\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14903"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16081550"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13704"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"A. 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