{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T03:54:06Z","timestamp":1791172446378,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/23791\u20104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/23791\u20104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a significant public health issue. While tobacco and alcohol are established risk factors, the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oral carcinogenesis remains debated. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are implicated in tumor aggressiveness and therapy resistance. This study investigated the correlation between HPV infection, CSC marker expression (CD44, CD98, ALDH1), and clinicopathological parameters in tongue SCCs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort of 1047 OSCC cases (2013\u20132018) was reviewed. From 452 tongue SCCs, 83 formalin\u2010fixed paraffin\u2010embedded specimens were randomly selected. HPV DNA detection was performed using qPCR with generic and type\u2010specific primers (HPV 6, 11, 16, 18). Immunohistochemical expression of CD44, CD98, and ALDH1 was evaluated and quantified using digital image analysis (IHC Profiler). Statistical analyses included Kaplan\u2013Meier survival curves, Kruskal\u2010Wallis, Chi\u2010square, and Spearman correlation tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      HPV DNA was detected in 2\/83 cases (2.4%): one HPV16\u2010positive and one with co\u2010infection (HPV6\/18). CD44 expression was ubiquitously high, with no significant difference between \u2010High and \u2010Positive categories (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.9999), but both\u00a0were\u00a0significantly higher than \u2010Low and \u2010Negative scores (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). ALDH1 exhibited a focal staining pattern.\u00a0The\u00a0ALDH1\u2010High score was significantly less frequent than \u2010Positive and \u2010Low scores (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and showed a significant positive correlation with both advanced clinical stage (Spearman r: 0.5062;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0007) and higher tumor grade (Spearman r: 0.3352;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0322). CD98 was not detected. An inverse correlation was observed between HPV and clinical staging (Spearman r: \u22120.2377;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0305); however, due to the low number of HPV\u2010positive cases, this finding must be interpreted with caution.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest a distinct CSC expression profile in this cohort, characterized by ubiquitous CD44 expression and a rare but highly aggressive ALDH1\u2010High subpopulation, concomitant with low HPV detection. The strong positive correlation of ALDH1\u2010High score with advanced stage and grade highlights its potential role as a key driver of tumor aggression, warranting further investigation as a prognostic marker.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.70175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T01:00:31Z","timestamp":1786928431000},"page":"1065-1072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correlation Between Prognostic Indicators,\n                    <scp>HPV<\/scp>\n                    Status, and Cancer Stem Cell Markers in a Population of Human Tongue Carcinomas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Adriely Primo","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)  Bauru SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz Gomes Carreira","family":"Sartori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima (ILSL)  Bauru SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"de Barros Gigliotti Vendramini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Amaral Carvalho (HAC)  Ja\u00fa SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adauto Jos\u00e9 Ferreira","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima (ILSL)  Bauru SP Brazil"},{"name":"Hospital Amaral Carvalho (HAC)  Ja\u00fa SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8647-0350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Renata Sales","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)  Bauru SP Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima (ILSL)  Bauru SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","article-title":"Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today (2024 Estimates, Version 1.0)","author":"Ervik M.","year":"2026","journal-title":"International Agency for Research on Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572\u2010020\u201000224\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsbull.2025.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214\u2010109X(16)30143\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de C\u00e2ncer (INCA) \u201cEstimativa 2020: Incid\u00eancia de C\u00e2ncer no Brasil. 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