{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T03:54:08Z","timestamp":1791172448492,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/14585\u20107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/14585\u20107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\/13069\u20108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/13069\u20108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["443992\/2023\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["443992\/2023\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["406947\/2023\u20106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["406947\/2023\u20106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially malignant oral disorder linked to lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Clinical diagnosis is hindered by lesion heterogeneity. While AI tools have shown promise in oral lesion detection and diagnosis, image segmentation remains underexplored. This study developed and externally validated a deep learning segmentation model for digital photographs of lip lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 489 clinical photographs from one institution were used for training\/internal testing, and 82 external images from two independent institutions (UFPB and UFMG) served as external validation. EffiSegNet\u2011B0 used Image Net\u2011pretrained EfficientNet\u2011B0 encoder, with stage features aggregated via Ghost Modules.\u00a0Manual segmentation masks comprised the clinically affected lip region\u00a0and were used as ground truth. Performance was assessed using accuracy, sensitivity (recall), precision,\u00a0Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and intersection over union (IoU).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The model achieved high accuracy (&gt; 95%) on both internal and external datasets. DSCs were 0.888 (95% CI: 0.871\u20130.904) for internal test and 0.875 (95% CI: 0.862\u20130.888) for external validation, while IoU values were 0.802 (95% CI: 0.777\u20130.828) and 0.782 (95% CI: 0.763\u20130.801), respectively. No performance decline was observed on external validation data. The model remained robust to lesion variations (ulceration, crusting, and keratinization).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EffiSegNet\u2010B0 demonstrated high\u00a0accuracy and adaptability in segmenting lip lesions, reinforcing its potential for clinical image analysis applications. The proposed model generalizes well across different institutions and lesion phenotypes, consistently extracting the complete region of interest. This proof\u2010of\u2010concept study supports its promise as a tool for automated lip lesion segmentation in heterogeneous clinical settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.70176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T05:39:13Z","timestamp":1787549953000},"page":"1073-1080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>EffiSegNet<\/scp>\n                    : Advances in Automated Segmentation of Actinic Cheilitis and Lip Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Clinical Photographs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4777-6119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor Simbalista Teixeira","family":"Soares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Technology (ICT\u2010UNIFESP) Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3725-8051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Lu\u00edza Damaceno","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Surgery Department University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School (FMUSP)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4399-5442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan Jos\u00e9","family":"Correia\u2010Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Diagn\u00f3stico Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FOP\u2010UNICAMP)  Piracicaba S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2422-2164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Saldivia\u2010Siracusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Diagn\u00f3stico Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FOP\u2010UNICAMP)  Piracicaba S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4563-6531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00edsa Sales de","family":"S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry Ceuma University  S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8321-7582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo Abritta","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Diagn\u00f3stico Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FOP\u2010UNICAMP)  Piracicaba S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1242-1148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayrton da Costa Ganem","family":"Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences of University of S\u00e3o Paulo (ICMC\u2010USP)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4765-6459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Carlos Ponce de Leon Ferreira de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences of University of S\u00e3o Paulo (ICMC\u2010USP)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1339-1920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thierry","family":"Urruty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers Univ. 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