{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T09:16:34Z","timestamp":1778663794244,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,6]],"date-time":"2019-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000098","name":"NIH Clinical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL\u20101\u2010RR025746 NIH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL\u20101\u2010RR025746 NIH"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Denture stomatitis is a common condition manifested by inflammation of the oral mucous membrane beneath a denture. The objective of this study was to compare the transcriptome of human palatal mucosa with chronic oral stomatitis\u2010associated<jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>infection to that of healthy oral mucosa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral palatal biopsies were obtained from 17 healthy and 15<jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected stomatitis subjects for whole transcriptome analyses. The presence of<jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>was confirmed by cytology and cultivable methods. The clinical severity of the stomatitis was evaluated by the Newton Classification (Class II or III). For transcriptome analyses a false discovery rate (FDR) of &lt;0.05 was used, and the effects of age, race, and gender were evaluated by principle component analysis (PCA). Specific differentially expressed genes identified by mRNA array data were confirmed by measurements of salivary protein expression using multiplex analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microarray analysis of mRNA expression indicated that in<jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>stomatitis there were 3034 genes\u2010in\u2010play that were differentially expressed and met the FDR &lt; 0.05 criteria. Two hundred thirty five (235) genes were up\u2010regulated &gt;2\u2010fold, and 71 genes were down\u2010regulated &gt;2\u2010fold. Five of the 6 most significant gene ontology pathways involve inflammation and activation of the immune response with CD28 and CTLA signaling of T cells. There was strong up\u2010regulation of TLR2, CD14, MYD88, IKKA, and NFKB as the dominant toll\u2010like receptor\u2010signaling pathway. The expression of several extracellularly expressed inflammatory protein genes was up\u2010regulated in candidiasis, and 2 were confirmed as up\u2010regulated within the saliva using protein multiplexing analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neutrophil recruitment and activation, epithelial suppression, and T\u2010cell activation appear as major pathways in chronic oral candidiasis. Tissue up\u2010regulation of TLR2 pathways, as well as potential<jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>binding proteins, was observed, whereas keratin and adhesion molecule synthesis were down\u2010regulated. Several candidate biomarkers to potentially identify the presence of oral candidiasis were differentially expressed in tissues and saliva.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]],"date-time":"2018-12-11T05:49:00Z","timestamp":1544507340000},"page":"202-208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Differential Mucosal Gene Expression Patterns in<i>Candida<\/i>\u2010Associated, Chronic Oral Denture Stomatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Steven","family":"Offenbacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, North Carolina Oral Health Institute Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases and Department of Periodontology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvana P.","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, North Carolina Oral Health Institute Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases and Department of Periodontology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sompop","family":"Bencharit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry Richmond VA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, North Carolina Oral Health Institute Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases and Department of Periodontology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Preisser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, North Carolina Oral Health Institute Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases and Department of Periodontology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zvi G.","family":"Loewy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Touro College of Pharmacy New York NY"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology New York Medical College Valhalla NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1989.tb02305.x","article-title":"Clinical spectrum of oral candidosis and its role in HIV\u2010infected patients","volume":"32","author":"Korting HC","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.2011.00698.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ht6030011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"1434","article-title":"The role of Candida albicans in the development of stomatitis in denture wearers","volume":"33","author":"Budtz\u2010Jorgensen E","year":"1975","journal-title":"Med Hyg (Geneve)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.5.1168"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(10)60083-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016359009012735"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.2012.00906.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojst.2012.24056"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2mb25283j"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxr103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13693780902964339"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.3.1077-1082.1997","article-title":"Involvement of mannose receptor in cytokine interleukin\u20101beta (IL\u20101beta), IL\u20106, and granulocyte\u2010macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor responses, but not in chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta (MIP\u20101beta), MIP\u20102, and KC responses, caused by attachment of Candida albicans to macrophages","volume":"65","author":"Yamamoto Y","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2012.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.01009.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050064"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Factors associated with the presence of denture related stomatitis in complete denture wearers: a preliminary investigation","volume":"6","author":"Fenton MR","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"1051","article-title":"Decreasing of residual alveolar ridge height in complete denture wearers. A five year follow up study","volume":"34","author":"Kovaci\u0107 I","year":"2010","journal-title":"Coll Antropol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2009.03221.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024761"}],"container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jopr.13007","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jopr.13007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,13]],"date-time":"2024-07-13T05:53:07Z","timestamp":1720849987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jopr.13007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,6]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jopr.13007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jopr.13007","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-941X","1532-849X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-941X","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-849X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-12-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}