{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:06:24Z","timestamp":1792109184704,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]],"date-time":"2021-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the fracture resistance behaviors of titanium\u2010zirconium, one\u2010piece zirconia, and two\u2010piece zirconia implants restored by zirconia crowns and different combinations of abutment materials (zirconia and titanium) and retention modes (cement\u2010retained and screw\u2010retained zirconia crowns).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three research groups (n=12) were evaluated according to combinations of abutment material, retention mode, and implant type. In the control group (TTC), titanium\u2010zirconium implants (\u2205 4.1 mm RN, 12 mm, Roxolid; Straumann USA, Andover, MA) and prefabricated titanium abutments (RN synOcta Cementable Abutment, H 5.5 mm; Straumann USA) were used to support cement\u2010retained zirconia crowns. In the second group (ZZC), one\u2010piece zirconia implants (PURE Ceramic Implant Monotype, \u2205 4.1 mm RD, 12 mm, AH 5.5 mm; Straumann USA) were used to support cement\u2010retained zirconia crowns. In the third group (ZTS), two\u2010piece zirconia implants (PURE Ceramic Implant, \u2205 4.1 mm RD, 12 mm) and prefabricated titanium abutments (CI RD PUREbase Abutment, H 5.5 mm) were used to support screw\u2010retained zirconia crowns. All zirconia crowns were manufactured in the same anatomic contour with a 5\u2010axis dental mill and blended 3 and 5 mol% yttria\u2010stabilized zirconia (LayZir A2). Implants were inserted into specimen holders made of epoxy resin\u2010glass fiber composite. All specimens were then subject to artificial aging in an incubator at 37\u00b0C for 90 days. Fracture resistance of specimen assemblies was tested under static compression load using the universal testing machine based on ISO14801 specification. The peak fracture loads were recorded. All specimens were examined at the end of the test microscopically at 5\u00d7 and 10\u00d7 magnification to detect any catastrophic failures. Comparisons between groups for differences in peak fracture load were made using Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests and Weibull and Kaplan\u2010Meier survival analyses (\u03b1 = 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The TTC group (942 \u00b1 241 N) showed significantly higher peak fracture loads than the ZZC (645 \u00b1 165 N) and ZTS (650 \u00b1 124 N) groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), while there was no significant difference between ZZC and ZTS groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.940). The survival probability based on the Weibull and Kaplan\u2010Meier models demonstrated different failure molds between titanium\u2010zirconium and zirconia implants, in which the TTC group remained in the plastic strain zone for a longer period before fracture when compared to ZZC and ZTS groups. Catastrophic failures, with implant fractures at the embedding level or slightly below, were only observed in the ZZC and ZTS groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cement\u2010retained zirconia crowns supported by titanium\u2010zirconium implants and prefabricated titanium abutments showed superior peak fracture loads and better survival probability behavior. One\u2010piece zirconia implants with cement\u2010retained zirconia crowns and two\u2010piece zirconia implants with screw\u2010retained zirconia crowns on prefabricated titanium abutment showed similar peak fracture loads and survival probability behavior. Titanium\u2010zirconium and zirconia implants could withstand average intraoral mastication loads in the incisor region. This study was conducted under static load, room temperature (21.7\u00b0C), and dry condition, and full impacts of intraoral hydrothermal aging and dynamic loading conditions on the zirconia implants should be considered and studied further.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T07:10:54Z","timestamp":1633936254000},"page":"441-446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Fracture Resistance Behaviors of Titanium\u2010Zirconium and Zirconia Implants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Brenda","family":"Hanes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Indiana University School of Dentistry  Indianapolis IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Feitosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care Indiana University School of Dentistry  Indianapolis IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamolphob","family":"Phasuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Indiana University School of Dentistry  Indianapolis IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Levon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry Indiana University School of Dentistry  Indianapolis IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Indiana University School of Dentistry  Indianapolis IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4881-0569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei\u2010Shao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Education Program in Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics Indiana University School of Dentistry  Indianapolis IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2009.01785.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"Experimental zirconia abutments for implant\u2010supported single\u2010tooth restorations in esthetically demanding regions: 4\u2010year results of a prospective clinical study","volume":"17","author":"Glauser R","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8208.2008.00105.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"488","article-title":"Evolution and use of aluminum oxide single\u2010tooth implant abutments: a short review and presentation of two cases","volume":"15","author":"Heydecke G","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1563\/AAID-JOI-D-09-00079"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology9110404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12285"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13097"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12180"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"434","article-title":"Monolithic CAD\/CAM lithium disilicate versus veneered Y\u2010TZP crowns: comparison of failure modes and reliability after fatigue","volume":"23","author":"Guess PC","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.3975"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517737483"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2007.01401.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2011.02291.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(13)60054-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2007.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9785(81)80077-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(83)80101-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpor.2018.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13352"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13030562"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization: dentistry\u2010implants\u2010dynamic loading test for endosseous dental implants. 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