{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T17:32:13Z","timestamp":1758475933261,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Orbital epitheses replace a missing eyeball and surrounding soft tissue. Perception of epithesis in public gaze and the attention areas on the face are of interest. This study aimed to examine the differences in perception of orbital epitheses by prosthodontists, dentistry students, and laypeople with an objective evaluation tool that utilized eye\u2010tracking technology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010four frontal facial images of 12 patients who had orbital epitheses were viewed by 81 observers (prosthodontists, dentistry students, laypeople) in random order for 5 seconds each. Gaze data were analyzed. Kruskal\u2010Wallis H test with Bonferroni correction was used to compare parameters in groups and areas of interest.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>First fixation duration at the mouth for symmetrical images were 0.30, 0.28, and 0.25 seconds for prosthodontists, students, and laypeople, respectively. Fixation duration at the mouth for the laypeople (0.27 second) was shorter than students (0.29 second) and prosthodontists (0.31 second) at symmetrical images. Time to the first fixation to epithesis, nose, and eye was significantly lower than the forehead and mouth for all groups. Fixation count at epithesis was 6.36 for prosthodontists, 5.64 for students, and 5.34 for laypeople.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eyes were of most significant interest for all observer groups in symmetrical images. Individuals dealing with dentistry, especially prosthodontists, paid more attention to the mouth region along with the eyes in symmetrical images, considering fixation duration and fixation count. Attention directed to epithesis by all groups was verified with objective and measurable criteria. Prosthodontists\u2019 attention to epithesis and mouth was evident considering the four parameters measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T05:24:05Z","timestamp":1659331445000},"page":"754-760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Perception of orbital epitheses evaluated with eye tracker"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9644-4324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fulya","family":"Basmac\u0131","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Faculty of Dentistry Ankara Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0944-0865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuggen \u00d6zcivelek","family":"Mersin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry University of Health Sciences  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2854-5371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berna","family":"Turgut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Ankara Memorial Hospital  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4199-0886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuddusi","family":"Akbulut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Cappadocia University  Nevsehir Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8619-957X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Ali","family":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7arslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Faculty of Dentistry Ankara University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/05-080"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"2349","article-title":"Reconstructions with bone\u2010anchored epithesis in head and neck cancer patients \u2010a valid way back to self\u2010perception and social reintegration","volume":"28","author":"Wagenblast J","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.scs.0000230614.72141.b9"},{"volume-title":"Maxillofacial rehabilitation:Prosthodontic and Surgical Manegement of Cancer\u2010Related, Acquired and Congenital 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