{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T20:52:44Z","timestamp":1775940764749,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Firing protocols influence the mechanical properties of dental ceramics. This study examined the impact of altering the cooling rate of mono\u2010 and multilayered 5\u00a0mol% yttria\u2010partially stabilized zirconia (5Y\u2010PSZ) on their strength.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety specimens (width\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0length\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0thickness\u00a0=\u00a010\u00a0\u00d7\u00a020\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02\u00a0mm) were prepared using 5Y\u2010PSZ monolayer (Mo: Cercon\u2010xt) and 5Y\u2010PSZ multilayered (Mu: Cercon\u2010xt ML) blocks. Randomly distributed specimens were sintered at the recommended firing schedule for three different categories of cooling rates (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015\/group): slow (S: 5\u00b0C\/min), normal (N: 35\u00b0C\/min), and fast (F: 70\u00b0C\/min). A universal testing machine with four\u2010point bending test was used to measure the flexural strength (<jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic>). The microstructure, fracture characteristics, and chemical composition were evaluated by scanning electron microscope and energy\u2010dispersive spectroscopy. The monoclinic, tetragonal, and cubic phases were investigated using X\u2010ray diffraction. Two\u2010way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni comparisons were applied to determine the <jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic>, (), and Weibull analysis was performed to determine the Weibull modulus (<jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>) and characteristic strength (<jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The highest <jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> (MPa) were seen for MuN (454.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a062.0, 480.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a062.9) followed by MuS (453.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a052.6, 476.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a054.3) and MoS (451.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a044.5, 471.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a046.6), whereas MuF had the lowest <jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> (379.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a050.2, 401.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a051.3). The <jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic> value of S\u2010cooling (452.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a047.9) was higher than those for N\u2010cooling (443.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a061.3) and F\u2010cooling (382.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a058.0). The <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\u2010value for MoS was the highest (11.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.6), whereas that for MoF was the lowest (6.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.6). Different cooling rates resulted in a significant difference in <jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic> values (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>S\u2010 and N\u2010cooling resulted in significantly higher flexural strength than that obtained by F\u2010cooling. Increasing the cooling rate of 5Y\u2010PSZ resulted in smaller grain size, less grain boundary integration, and higher t\u2010 to m\u2010transformation, leading to lower strength. Therefore, a slow and normal cooling rate was recommended to achieve the optimum strength for 5Y\u2010PSZ.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T18:09:50Z","timestamp":1681150190000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Flexural strength of high yttrium oxide\u2010doped monochrome and multilayered fully stabilized zirconia upon various sintered cooling rates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Pithiwat","family":"Uasuwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomaterials and Prosthodontics Research, Faculty of Dentistry Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6229-6263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niwut","family":"Juntavee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Faculty of Dentistry Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Apa","family":"Juntavee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Dentistry Department of Preventive Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2017.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"1427","article-title":"Monolithic zirconia: a review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"Ozkurt Kayahan Z","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2018.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2010.04.006"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"369","article-title":"Three generations of zirconia: from veneered to monolithic. 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