{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T04:13:36Z","timestamp":1778732016338,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007812","name":"University of Washington","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["# 68\u20106911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# 68\u20106911"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007812","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the effects of using different cements and titanium copings designs on the retention of implant\u2010supported fixed dental prostheses (IFDPs) using a pull\u2010out test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty zirconia (ZirCAD; Ivoclar Vivadent) and 20 prepolymerized denture acrylic resin (AvaDent) rectangular (36\u00a0mm \u00d7 12\u00a0mm \u00d7 8\u00a0mm) specimens were milled to mimic the lower left segmental portion of the All\u2010on\u2010Four IFDPs. Cylindrical titanium copings (Variobase; Straumann) (V) were used in 2 prepolymerized denture acrylic resin groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 10) while conical titanium copings (Straumann) (C) were used as a control group for zirconia with 4 groups using cylindrical titanium copings. Before cementation, the outer surfaces of all titanium copings and the intaglio bonding surface of prosthetic specimens were airborne\u2010particle abraded. All specimens were cemented following the manufacturer's recommendations and instructions according to the experimental design. After artificial aging (5000 cycles of 5\u00b0C 55\u00b0C, dwelling time 20\u00a0s; 150 N, 1.5\u00a0Hz in a 37\u00b0C water bath), all specimens were subjected to retention force testing using a pull\u2010out test using a universal testing machine and a custom fixture with a crosshead speed 5\u00a0mm\/min. Modes of failure were classified as Type 1, 2, or 3. Retention force values were analyzed by the <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test for the prepolymerized denture acrylic resin specimen groups, and 1\u2010way ANOVA and the Tukey test for the zirconia groups at <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> = 0.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean and standard deviation retention force values varied from 101.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a067.1 to 509.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a065.2 N for the prepolymerized denture acrylic resin specimen groups. The zirconia groups ranged from 572.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0274.7 to 1416.1 \u00b1\u00a0258.0 N. There is no statistically significant difference in retention force values between V and C specimens cementing to zirconia with Panavia SA cement (Kuraray Noritake) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.587). The retention forces and failure modes were influenced by the cement used (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Modes of failure were predominantly Type 2 (mixed failure) and Type 1 (adhesive fracture from prosthetic materials) except for the quick\u2010set resin group (Type 3, adhesive failure from coping).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>When bonding IFDPs onto titanium copings, quick\u2010set resin provided significantly higher retention force for prepolymerized denture acrylic resin prostheses. Conical and cylindrical titanium copings performed similarly when cemented to zirconia with Panavia SA cement under the same protocol. The stability of the bonded interface and retention forces between zirconia prostheses and titanium copings varied from the cement used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T10:19:32Z","timestamp":1684491572000},"page":"340-347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Retention of titanium copings to implant\u2010supported fixed dental prostheses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Sieu Yien","family":"Chiam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsin Lin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Science, School of Dentistry University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armand E.","family":"Bedrossian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianhui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Kuykendall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6236-7006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy A.","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Van","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7155-7469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwok\u2010Hung","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8208.2003.tb00010.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8208.2011.00395.x"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"ZE16","article-title":"Prosthodontic perspective to all\u2010on\u20104 concept for dental implants","volume":"8","author":"Taruna M","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2020.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2017.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2017.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2012.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2016.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2018.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2019.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(13)60318-2"},{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"00264","article-title":"Comparison of strength of milled and conventionally processed PMMA complete\u2010arch implant\u2010supported immediate interim fixed dental prostheses. 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