{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T22:28:49Z","timestamp":1776119329312,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effects of shade tab color variations (tooth\u2010colored vs. gingiva\u2010colored) and surface treatment (application of mineral oil) on the trueness of color reproduction from dental shade tabs to 3D\u2010printed full\u2010color dental casts, using digital scans obtained from an intraoral scanner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pristine tooth\u2010colored (with 16 shade tabs) and gingiva\u2010colored (with five shade tabs) shade guides were digitally scanned using an intraoral scanner, and subsequently, 3D\u2010printed replicas were created using a full\u2010color material jetting 3D printer. Three color measurements using a contact type digital spectrophotometer were recorded, including actual shade tabs (R0), dried 3D\u2010printed study samples (R<jats:sub>P1<\/jats:sub>), and study samples with mineral oil application (R<jats:sub>P2<\/jats:sub>), in this study to calculate color differences between the actual shade tabs and 3D\u2010printed ones. The CIEDE2000 formula was used to calculate the color differences (color reproduction trueness) between reference shade tabs and 3D\u2010printed full\u2010color study samples\u2014without and with mineral oil, \u2206E<jats:sub>00<\/jats:sub>(R<jats:sub>P1<\/jats:sub>), and \u2206E<jats:sub>00<\/jats:sub>(R<jats:sub>P2<\/jats:sub>). \u2206E<jats:sub>00<\/jats:sub>(R<jats:sub>P1<\/jats:sub>) and \u2206E<jats:sub>00<\/jats:sub>(R<jats:sub>P2<\/jats:sub>) were compared with a 50:50% accessibility threshold (AT) and a 50:50% perceptibility threshold (PT). A grading system, based on the relative ranges of AT and PT, was employed. The percentage of samples falling into each color\u2010matching category was then recorded. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis, utilizing a mixed model ANOVA to evaluate the effects of shade tab color and mineral oil application on color differences, \u03b1 = 0.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The application of mineral oil significantly affected the \u2206E<jats:sub>00<\/jats:sub> [F(1, 378) = 19.1, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = &lt; 0.0001]. However, this effect was only significant for the gingiva\u2010colored study samples; the mineral oil application significantly decreased color difference, showing \u2206E<jats:sub>00<\/jats:sub>(R<jats:sub>P1<\/jats:sub>) of 8.71 \u00b1 3.78 and \u2206E<jats:sub>00<\/jats:sub>(R<jats:sub>P2<\/jats:sub>) of 6.55 \u00b1 2.14 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). For the tooth\u2010colored groups, the mineral oil application did not yield any color difference, showing \u2206E<jats:sub>00<\/jats:sub>(R<jats:sub>P1<\/jats:sub>) of 7.05 \u00b1 2.35 and \u2206E<jats:sub>00<\/jats:sub>(R<jats:sub>P2<\/jats:sub>) of 6.94 \u00b1 2.35 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.497). In the absence of mineral oil, gingiva\u2010colored samples revealed a significantly larger \u2206E<jats:sub>00<\/jats:sub>(R<jats:sub>P1<\/jats:sub>) of 8.71 \u00b1 3.78 compared to tooth\u2010colored samples at 7.05 \u00b1 2.35 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.017). Conversely, mineral oil application rendered comparable \u2206E<jats:sub>00<\/jats:sub>(R<jats:sub>P2<\/jats:sub>) values between gingiva\u2010colored (6.55 \u00b1 2.14) and tooth\u2010colored (6.94 \u00b1 2.35) samples (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.558). All 3D\u2010printed full\u2010color samples showed Grade 1 (extremely unacceptable mismatch) and Grade 2 (clearly unacceptable mismatch), regardless of the shades or the presence of mineral oil.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Utilizing an intraoral scanner to gather digital color data, along with an MJ 3D printer, offers the potential for producing 3D\u2010printed full\u2010color dental casts for prosthesis characterization in the dental laboratory. While mineral oil improves the color reproduction trueness of gingiva\u2010colored objects, all 3D\u2010printed full\u2010color samples exhibited unacceptable mismatches when compared to their target objects. This underscores the need for future improvement in the digital color data acquisition process and color optimization protocols in 3D printing processes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T12:06:46Z","timestamp":1702987606000},"page":"196-203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Color reproduction trueness of 3D\u2010printed full\u2010color dental casts with scans derived from an intraoral scanner"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9892-2358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal","family":"Alfaraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Indiana University School of Dentistry  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4881-0569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei\u2010Shao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Indiana University School of Dentistry  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2015.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2013.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12810"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2018.05.004"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"350","article-title":"Difference in illuminant\u2010dependent color changes of shade guide tabs by the shade designation relative to three 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ZengL PeiZ.Experimental investigation of polyjet 3D printing process: Effects of finish type and material color on color appearance [Internet]. 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