{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:26:47Z","timestamp":1788269207896,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the impact of zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (nano\u2010ZrO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) addition to hard and soft liners on the surface roughness and <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> adhesion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nano\u2010ZrO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was added to hard and soft chairside reline material in two concentrations (2%\u00a0wt. and 4%\u00a0wt.) while an unmodified group of each liner acted as a control, (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010). Disc\u2010shaped (10\u00a0\u00d7\u00a01.3\u00a0mm) specimens of hard denture reline (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a060) and soft denture reline (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a060) materials were prepared (30\/test). A noncontact profilometer was used for surface roughness measurement. A colony\u2010forming unit (CFU\/mL) was used to evaluate <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> adhesion. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and a post hoc Tukey's test (\u03b1\u00a0=\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No significant change in surface roughness was observed with nano\u2010ZrO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> addition; however, the control groups showed the highest value while 2% nano\u2010ZrO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> showed the lowest value. In comparison to the control groups, nano\u2010ZrO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> addition to the hard and soft liners significantly reduced <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> adhesion (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), regardless of the concentration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Incorporating nano\u2010ZrO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> into hard and soft liner had no effect on surface roughness while its addition reduced <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> adhesion. Using chairside soft and hard liners containing nano\u2010ZrO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> is recommended to reduce the incidence of denture stomatitis (DS) among denture wearers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.14036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T05:19:18Z","timestamp":1738646358000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Nanocomposites soft and hard denture liners containing ZrO<sub>2<\/sub> nanoparticles: An in vitro evaluation of surface roughness and <i>Candida albicans<\/i> adhesion"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Faris A.","family":"Alshahrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University  Dammam Saudi 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