{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T16:08:03Z","timestamp":1783786083567,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>Surgical guides are medical devices used in static implant surgery to replicate the prosthetic and surgical implant position planned with computer\u2010assisted software before surgery. Their use reduces invasiveness and improves safety and outcomes of implant surgery, provided that their accuracy is ensured from design to manufacturing and then to clinical usage. One of the factors that may potentially interfere with their accuracy is the sterilization procedure. The present study aimed to analyze how autoclave sterilization affects 3D\u2010printed surgical guide stability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>Ten 3D\u2010printed surgical guides were scanned before (T0) and after (T1) autoclave sterilization. T0 and T1 scans were compared with the corresponding CAD model in a surface matching software program. Trueness of the intaglio surface, linear and axial deviations of sleeves\u2019 housings at T0 and T1 were measured and statistically analyzed by generalized estimated equation (GEE) models to evaluate the effects of the sterilization procedure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Surface variations, linear and axial deviations of sleeves\u2019 housings were found to be significantly (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.05) affected by the sterilization only in combination with the volume or the total surface area of the surgical guides. The magnitude of the T0\u2010T1 differences was small (0.016\u00a0mm and 0.035\u00a0mm for mean absolute deviation (MAD) at the intaglio surface in contact with teeth or mucosa; 0.009\u00a0mm for linear deviation of the central point of sleeves\u2019 housings; 0.084\u00b0 and 0.180\u00b0 for their axial deviation on the sagittal and frontal planes).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>The effects of autoclave sterilization on the stability of 3D\u2010printed surgical guides remain limited and clinically insignificant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.14049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T08:53:48Z","timestamp":1742201628000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of autoclave sterilization on the dimensional stability of implant surgical guides: A 3D in vitro analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6127-6105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucio","family":"Lo Russo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine School of Dentistry, University of Foggia Foggia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Mariani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Department of Medical\u2010Surgical and Dental Specialties University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9720-8411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Ercoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Prosthodontics and Periodontics Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giusy","family":"Caprio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine School of Dentistry, University of Foggia Foggia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji\u2010Man","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics & Dental Research Institute Seoul National University School of Dentistry Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Laino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Department of Medical\u2010Surgical and Dental Specialties University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1820-899X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fariba","family":"Esperouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine School of Dentistry, University of Foggia Foggia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"296","article-title":"The clinical accuracy of the implant digital surgical guide: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"33","author":"Zhang F","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01283-4","article-title":"Accuracy of implant surgical guides fabricated using computer numerical control milling for edentulous jaws: a pilot clinical trial","volume":"20","author":"Chai J","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC 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Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10070875","article-title":"Effect of fabrication technology on the accuracy of surgical guides for dental\u2010implant surgery","volume":"10","author":"Guida L","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.2186\/jpr.JPR_D_22_00069","article-title":"Surgical guides for dental implants: measurement of the accuracy using a freeware metrology software program","volume":"67","author":"Lo Russo L","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Prosthodont Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.3390\/prosthesis5030057","article-title":"Three\u2010dimensional accuracy of surgical guides for static computer\u2010aided implant surgery: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Lo Russo L","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prosthesis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.18063\/ijb.756","article-title":"A state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art guide about the effects of sterilization processes on 3D\u2010printed materials for surgical planning and medical applications: a comparative study","volume":"9","author":"Valls\u2010Esteve A","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Bioprint"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.11607\/ijp.3759","article-title":"Effect of chemical disinfection on the surface roughness of hard denture base materials: a systematic literature review","volume":"27","author":"Schwindling FS","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-1005-0","article-title":"Effects of disinfection and sterilization on the dimensional changes and mechanical properties of 3D printed surgical guides for implant therapy\u2014pilot study","volume":"20","author":"T\u00f6r\u00f6k G","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03092-x","article-title":"Disinfection of 3D\u2010printed surgical guides using virgin coconut oil (in vitro study)","volume":"23","author":"Khalil RT","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2011.05.002","article-title":"Disinfection: is it time to reconsider Spaulding","volume":"78","author":"McDonnell G","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2017.11.012","article-title":"Effects of different sterilization methods on surface characteristics and biofilm formation on zirconia in vitro","volume":"34","author":"Han A","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/btpr.3339","article-title":"Impact of x\u2010ray irradiation as an equivalent alternative to gamma for sterilization of single\u2010use bioprocessing polymers","volume":"39","author":"Grzelak AW","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biotechnol Prog"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5305","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16155305","article-title":"The effect of sterilization on the accuracy and fit of 3D\u2010printed surgical guides","volume":"16","author":"Yazigi C","year":"2023","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13485","article-title":"An in vitro evaluation of the effect of 3D printing orientation on the accuracy of implant surgical templates fabricated by desktop printer","volume":"31","author":"Tahir N","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2021.11.006","article-title":"Linear dimensional accuracy of stereolithographic surgical guide after chemistry and physics sterilization","volume":"123","author":"Matheus DM","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.18063\/ijb.v9i2.655","article-title":"Steam\u2010sterilized and degradable fused filament fabrication\u2010printed polylactide\/polyhydroxyalkanoate surgical guides for dental implants: are they accurate enough for static navigation","volume":"9","author":"Gielisch M","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Bioprint"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2020.08.038","article-title":"Influence of 3D\u2010printing method, resin material, and sterilization on the accuracy of virtually designed surgical implant guides","volume":"128","author":"Ke\u00dfler A","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-024-00214-1","article-title":"Effects of autoclaving and disinfection on 3D surgical guides using LCD technology for dental implant","volume":"10","author":"Labakoum B","year":"2024","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.14374","article-title":"Influence of material, sterilization, and disinfection on the accuracy of three\u2010dimensional printed surgical templates: an in vitro study","volume":"36","author":"Lan D","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.14158","article-title":"Autoclaving\u2010induced dimensional changes of three\u2010dimensional printed surgical guides: an in vitro 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