{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:59:56Z","timestamp":1792166396407,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the color changes and surface roughness of two different gingiva\u2010colored prosthetic materials after exposure to conventional and electronic cigarettes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 60 disk shaped gingiva\u2010colored porcelain (GC Initial MC Gum, GC Europe NV, Leuven, Belgium) and indirect composite resin (Gradia Plus Gum Shades Heavy Body, GC Europe NV, Leuven, Belgium) specimens, each measuring 2 \u00d7 10\u00a0mm, were prepared. The porcelain and indirect composite resin samples were divided into two subgroups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 30). The initial color and roughness values of the samples were measured. A special setup was created to simulate cigarette smoking, where the samples were placed inside and exposed to two different types of cigarette smoke. After exposure, the final color and roughness values of the samples were measured again.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After conventional cigarette exposure, porcelain specimens showed color changes of \u0394E*ab = 7.404, \u0394E00 = 7.502, and indirect composite resin specimens \u0394E*\n                      <jats:sub>ab<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 9.708, \u0394E\n                      <jats:sub>00<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 19.501, with significant surface roughness increases in both materials (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). After electronic cigarette exposure, porcelain specimens had color changes of \u0394E*ab = 1.390, \u0394E00 = 1.317, and indirect composite resin samples \u0394E*ab = 2.523, \u0394E00\n                      <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\n                      2.454. Surface roughness decreased significantly for porcelain (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) but increased for composite resin which was not statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conventional cigarette exposure resulted in more significant color changes and surface roughness increases in gingiva\u2010colored materials compared to electronic cigarettes. Indirect composite resins demonstrated lower color stability than porcelains. Patients with gingiva\u2010colored porcelain and composite resin restorations should be informed about color and surface roughness changes due to smoking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.14054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T01:34:44Z","timestamp":1743730484000},"page":"511-519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparative effects of conventional and electronic cigarettes on discoloration and surface roughness of gingiva\u2010colored dental materials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1161-6137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melek Almila","family":"Erdogan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Faculty of Gulhane Dentistry University of Health Sciences Turkey  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7444-9623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00dclk\u00fc Tu\u011fba","family":"Kalyoncuo\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Faculty of Gulhane Dentistry University of Health Sciences Turkey  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7642-4684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bengi","family":"Yilmaz Erdemli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences University of Health Sciences Turkey  Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Gulhane Medical Design and Manufacturing Center (METUM) University of Health Sciences Turkey  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global Report on Trends in Prevalence of Tobacco Use 2000\u20132025 [Internet]. 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