{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T17:56:10Z","timestamp":1781200570816,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>This study aims to characterize the mechanical properties of implant\u2010supported full arch fixed complete dentures manufactured by milling and injection techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>Twenty\u2010two samples with milling and injection manufacturing techniques were fabricated. Twenty\u2010two titanium samples were manufactured to be used as the control group. Additionally, eight PEEK samples from both the injection and milling groups were manufactured and tested using a uniaxial tensile test, and the obtained results were used as input data for finite element analysis (FEA). All\u2010on\u2010four PEEK hybrid prostheses supported with 2 implants on the mandible were used for the simulations. The FEA computations were performed for a bilateral 150 N force applied in both vertical and oblique directions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>A significant difference was observed between the injection and milled PEEK groups in terms of modulus of elasticity (Injection PEEK group: 3.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.6\u00a0GPa, Milling PEEK: 4.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.9\u00a0GPa) and flexural rigidity (Injection PEEK group: 28.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.8\u00a0kNmm2<\/jats:sup>, Milling PEEK: 41.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.4\u00a0kNmm2<\/jats:sup>) (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.05), while no significant differences were observed between the injection and milled PEEK groups in terms of other parameters (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0>\u00a00.05). The finite element results showed that the highest stresses were observed in the Injection PEEK group, while the lowest were observed in the Milling Titanium group. Both injection and milled PEEK frameworks exceeded the yield stress limit during vertical and oblique loading.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>It was concluded that the forces implemented on rigid framework material such as titanium were better distributed to the implants supporting the all\u2010on\u2010four prosthesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.14058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T04:56:02Z","timestamp":1745384162000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Biomechanics of the implant\u2010supported full arch fixed complete denture manufactured by milling and injection techniques: An experimental and FEA study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5143-4069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"G\u00fcrkan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Prosthodontics Medicadent, Private Clinic Ata\u015fehir Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4041-7308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ovul","family":"Kumbuloglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry Department of Prosthodontics Ege University Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0825-8914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makbule Heval","family":"\u015eahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry Department of Prosthodontics Ege University Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8878-2683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mert","family":"Narin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Ege University Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7556-6979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Halis","family":"Kanda\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Dokuz Eylul University Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5538-8434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuf","family":"Arman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Dokuz Eylul University Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3432-2249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan","family":"Yildiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Ege University Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3350-0277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmut","family":"Pekedis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Ege University Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9072187","article-title":"Hybrid polyetheretherketone (PEEK)\u2010acrylic resin prostheses and the All\u2010on\u20104 concept: a full\u2010arch implant\u2010supported fixed solution with 3 years of follow\u2010up","volume":"9","author":"Ara\u00fajo Nobre M","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2018.04.008","article-title":"Immediate function dental implants inserted with less than 30 N\u00b7cm of torque in full\u2010arch maxillary rehabilitations using the All\u2010on\u20104 concept: retrospective study","volume":"47","author":"Mal\u00f3 P","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12662","article-title":"Short\u2010term report of an ongoing prospective cohort study evaluating the outcome of full\u2010arch implant\u2010supported fixed hybrid polyetheretherketone\u2010acrylic resin prostheses and the All\u2010on\u2010Four concept","volume":"20","author":"Mal\u00f3 P","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"The use of a masticatory robot to analyze the shock absorption capacity of different restorative materials for prosthetic implants: a preliminary report","volume":"22","author":"Conserva E","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The use of a masticatory robot to analyze the shock absorption capacity of different restorative materials for implant prosthesis","volume":"84","author":"Menini M","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Res\u2014Boll Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12706","article-title":"PEEK materials as an alternative to titanium in dental implants: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Mishra S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2012.757644","article-title":"Effect of framework material and vertical misfit on stress distribution in implant\u2010supported partial prosthesis under load application: 3\u2010D finite element analysis","volume":"71","author":"Bacchi A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3074182","article-title":"New generation CAD\u2010CAM materials for implant\u2010supported definitive frameworks fabricated by using subtractive technologies","volume":"2022","author":"Cevik P","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2019.03.003","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of BioHPP and titanium as a framework veneered with composite resin for implant\u2010supported fixed dental prostheses","volume":"122","author":"Jin HY","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12844","article-title":"Failure analysis of high performance polymers and new generation cubic zirconia used for implant\u2010supported fixed, cantilevered prostheses","volume":"21","author":"Yilmaz B","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14122441","article-title":"Insufficient evidence to ascertain the long\u2010term survival of PEEK dental prostheses: a systematic review of clinical studies","volume":"14","author":"Khurshid Z","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e12314","article-title":"Assessing biocompatibility & mechanical testing of 3D\u2010printed PEEK versus milled PEEK","volume":"8","author":"Limaye N","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2016.03.005","article-title":"Two\u2010body wear rate of PEEK, CAD\/CAM resin composite and PMMA: effect of specimen geometries, antagonist materials and test set\u2010up configuration","volume":"32","author":"Wimmer T","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"PEEK implant\u2010supported full\u2010arch bridgework","author":"Tipton P","year":"2019","journal-title":"Private Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.2013-345","article-title":"Three\u2010unit reinforced polyetheretherketone composite FDPs: influence of fabrication method on load bearing capacity and failure types","volume":"34","author":"Stawarczyk B","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dent Mater"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13004","article-title":"Finite element stress analysis of applied forces to implants and supporting tissues using the \u201cAll\u2010on\u2010Four\u201d concept with different occlusal schemes","volume":"28","author":"T\u00fcrker N","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.310031","article-title":"Finite element analysis of the effect of framework materials at the bone\u2010implant interface in the all\u2010on\u2010four implant system","volume":"18","author":"Kelkar KC","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dent Res J"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12573","article-title":"Micromotion analysis of different implant configuration, bone density, and crestal cortical bone thickness in immediately loaded mandibular full\u2010arch implant restorations: a nonlinear finite element study","volume":"20","author":"Sugiura T","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.02.008","article-title":"Comparison of different designs of implant\u2010retained overdentures and fixed full\u2010arch implant\u2010supported prosthesis on stress distribution in edentulous mandible\u2013a computed tomography\u2010based three\u2010dimensional finite element analysis","volume":"46","author":"Bar\u00e3o VA","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e332","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12129","article-title":"Tilted and short implants supporting fixed prosthesis in an atrophic maxilla: a 3D\u2010FEA biomechanical evaluation","volume":"17","author":"Almeida EO","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12068","article-title":"The all\u2010on\u2010four treatment concept: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Patzelt SB","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12771","article-title":"The All\u2010on\u20104 concept for full\u2010arch rehabilitation of the edentulous maxillae: a longitudinal study with 5\u201313 years of follow\u2010up","volume":"21","author":"Mal\u00f3 P","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"400","article-title":"Fracture strength of three\u2010unit implant supported fixed partial dentures with excessive crown height fabricated from different materials","volume":"13","author":"Nazari V","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.32932","article-title":"Polyetheretherketone\u2010a suitable material for fixed dental prostheses?","volume":"101","author":"Stawarczyk B","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"715","article-title":"Comparison between all\u2010on\u2010four and all\u2010on\u2010six treatment concepts and framework material on stress distribution in atrophic maxilla: a prototyping guided 3D\u2010FEA study","volume":"69","author":"Bhering CL","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J Couns Psychother"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.11607\/ijp.5369","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of a four\u2010implant\u2010supported Polyetherketoneketone framework prosthesis: a three\u2010dimensional finite element analysis based on cone beam computed tomography and computer\u2010aided design","volume":"30","author":"Lee KS","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"144","article-title":"Photoelastic analysis of mandibular full\u2010arch implantsupported fixed dentures made with different bar materials and manufacturing techniques","volume":"81","author":"Zaparolli D","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J Couns Psychother"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2019.03.005","article-title":"Determination of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) mechanical properties as a denture material","volume":"31","author":"Muhsin SA","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saudi Dent J"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-3077","article-title":"Comparison of mechanical properties of PEEK and PMMA: an in vitro study","volume":"22","author":"Shrivastava SP","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2015.08.151","article-title":"Flexural behavior of PEEK materials for dental application","volume":"31","author":"Schwitalla AD","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12662","article-title":"Short\u2010term report of an ongoing prospective cohort study evaluating the outcome of full\u2010arch implant\u2010supported fixed hybrid polyetheretherketone\u2010acrylic resin prostheses and the All\u2010on\u2010Four concept","volume":"20","author":"Mal\u00f3 P","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-4052.197941","article-title":"Versatility of PEEK as a fixed partial denture framework","volume":"17","author":"Sinha N","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Indian Prosthodontic Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2012.757644","article-title":"Effect of framework material and vertical misfit on stress distribution in implant\u2010supported partial prosthesis under load application: 3\u2010D finite element analysis","volume":"71","author":"Bacchi A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203514849","volume-title":"Dental biomechanics","author":"Natali AN","year":"2003"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e107","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.7255","article-title":"Effect of different framework materials in implant\u2010supported fixed mandibular prostheses: a finite element analysis","volume":"34","author":"Sirandoni D","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4040","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17114040","article-title":"The influence of custom\u2010milled framework design for an implant\u2010supported full\u2010arch fixed dental prosthesis: 3D\u2010FEA study","volume":"17","author":"Tribst JPM","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.4236\/jbise.2011.410080","article-title":"Comparison of fatigue behaviour of eight different hip stems: a numerical and experimental study","volume":"4","author":"Pekedis M","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci Eng"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199662111.001.0001","volume-title":"The theory of materials failure","author":"Christensen RM","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4520250","article-title":"Finite\u2010element analysis of the effect of utilizing various material assemblies in \u201cAll on Four\u201d on the stresses on mandible bone and prosthetic parts","volume":"4520250","author":"Shash YH","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Polymer Sci"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2021.1903450","article-title":"The influence of framework material on stress distribution in maxillary complete\u2010arch fixed prostheses supported by four dental implants: a three\u2010dimensional finite element analysis","volume":"24","author":"Dayan SC","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin"}],"container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jopr.14058","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T04:56:08Z","timestamp":1745384168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jopr.14058"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jopr.14058"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jopr.14058","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-941X","1532-849X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-941X","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-849X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jopr.14058"}}