{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:20:02Z","timestamp":1790565602846,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763769600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of the angulation degree of multi\u2010unit abutment (MUA) on the prosthetic screw\u2010joint stability using a reverse torque test of the prosthetic screw and a pull\u2010out test of the bonded coping.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty specimens with a two\u2010implant segmental portion of an implant\u2010supported fixed dental prosthesis design were prepared. Titanium copings (Variobase; Straumann USA) were cemented to the zirconia specimens (ZirCAD; Ivoclar Vivadent) using RelyX Universal Cement and Scotchbond Universal Plus Adhesive (3\u00a0M ESPE). The groups were defined as follows: Group S\u2010S: straight implant + 0\u00b0 MUA and straight implant + 0\u00b0 MUA, used as the controls; Group S\u201017: straight implant + 0\u00b0 MUA and 17\u00b0 angulated implant + 17\u00b0 MUA; and Group S\u201030: straight implant + 0\u00b0 MUA and 30\u00b0 angulated implant + 30\u00b0 MUA. The initial torque value and initial reverse torque values of prosthetic screws were recorded using a digital torque gauge (Model HTGS\u201015; Imada Inc.). Zirconia specimens and cemented titanium copings were treated with thermal cycling (5000 cycles of 5\u00b0C\u201355\u00b0C, dwelling time 20 s). After this limited thermal cycling, all prosthetic screws were replaced with new screws to connect the zirconia plate to MUAs with tightening to 15 Ncm. All specimens were then subjected to masticatory simulation using cyclic loading treatment (300 N, 1.5\u00a0Hz in a 37\u00b0C water bath for 5000 cycles). At the end of the cyclic loading, final reverse torque values were recorded. A pull\u2010out test of the cemented coping was conducted using a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 5\u00a0mm\/min for all specimens. Failure patterns of the titanium copings and damage to the prosthetic screws were examined under an optical microscope. Mixed\u2010effects linear modeling and estimated marginal means were used to analyze torque value changes. One\u2010way ANOVA was used to analyze retentive force values from the pull\u2010out test at\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The torque value loss percentage of individual abutments ranged from 16.43% to 28.78%. There was a significantly higher torque value loss of Group S\u201030 when compared to Group S\u2010S before cyclic loading (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01). After cyclic loading treatment, there is an increased torque value loss in Group S\u2010S compared with before cyclic loading (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02). No statistically significant differences in pull\u2010out force were observed among groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.689). Debonding of titanium coping occurred in Group S\u2010S only, while prosthetic screw deformations occurred 100% in Group S\u201030.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prosthetic screw loosening was expected to occur at the same rate in all tested groups after cyclic loading treatment. However, when complications such as debonding of titanium coping or prosthetic screw fracture occurred, the modes of failure differed in each group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.70060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T18:48:59Z","timestamp":1763837339000},"page":"210-218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The influence of multi\u2010unit abutment angulation on the prosthetic screw\u2010joint stability"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3805-5448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mevadee","family":"Pibulniyom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry Graduate Prosthodontics School of Dentistry, University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwan","family":"Fattouhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry Graduate Prosthodontics School of Dentistry, University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sieu Yien","family":"Chiam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences &amp; Prosthodontics School of Dentistry, University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songyos","family":"Rajborirug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University  Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand"},{"name":"Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Kuykendall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5371-7916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chandur P. 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