{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:07:01Z","timestamp":1787317621729,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study validated the alignment accuracy of a novel implant\u2010retained fiducial marker system for aligning digital scans in edentulous mandibles<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A mandibular master cast with four implant analogs was fabricated. A reference scan of scan bodies (attached to analogs via spherical fiducial markers) was captured using a calibrated desktop scanner with a fixed\u2010position jig. Without moving the cast, scan bodies were replaced with a milled interim prosthesis (using the same fiducial markers) and rescanned to ensure perfect spatial correspondence. The scan body assembly was rescanned 10 times using the desktop scanner (negative control dataset), then 10 times with an intraoral scanner (IOS). All IOS scans were aligned to the reference prosthesis scan in dental computer\u2010aided design (CAD) software using fiducial marker\u2010based reference alignment. Both negative control and aligned IOS scans were compared to the reference scan using metrology software to compute 3D deviation metrics. Statistical analysis used Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      test and Hodges\u2013Lehmann estimator (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      test revealed a statistically significant difference between groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Median RMS error for fiducial alignment was 85.8\u00a0\u00b5m, compared to 8.4\u00a0\u00b5m for the negative control. Hodges\u2013Lehmann estimator median difference of \u221277.7\u00a0\u00b5m (95% CI: \u221282.4, \u221275.1\u00a0\u00b5m).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite statistical differences, the novel fiducial marker system achieved a mean alignment accuracy of approximately 85\u00a0\u00b5m, which is clinically acceptable. This in vitro study demonstrates technical feasibility. Clinical validation is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.70095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T04:46:42Z","timestamp":1768970802000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Validation of a novel implant\u2010retained fiducial marker system for digital scan alignment in the edentulous mandible: An accuracy study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3542-2775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra'fat I.","family":"Farah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences College of Dentistry Qassim University, Qassim   Al\u2010Mulaydah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8905-6091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bandar","family":"Alresheedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences College of Dentistry Qassim University, Qassim   Al\u2010Mulaydah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5210-5128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanaa N. Al\u2010Haj","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry College of Dentistry Qassim University, Qassim  Al\u2010Mulaydah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpor.2017.10.005"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2020.05.041","article-title":"A completely digital approach to replicating functional and esthetic parameters in mandibular implant\u2010supported complete\u2010arch prostheses","volume":"126","author":"Almeida DCF","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13569"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13630"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13166"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2019.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2020.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2020.05.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13356"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13677"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"Cuervo D V\u00e1zquez \u00c1. Fiduciary markers: accuracy and reliability of scans for full restorations. DESS Dental Blog.2025. Accessed 17 Sept. 2025.www.dessdental.com\/en\u2010eu\/blog\/post\/fiduciary\u2010markers\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2018.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13664"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1563\/aaid-joi-D-24-00083","article-title":"Full\u2010arch implant\u2010supported rehabilitation using reverse scan technique: a case report","volume":"51","author":"Nguyen PN","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Oral Implantol."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13417"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2020.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4047\/jap.2020.12.5.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.105310"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2019.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"491","volume-title":"Validation of registration accuracy","author":"Woods RP","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.13321"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2024.06.009"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"677","article-title":"The influence of controlled occlusal overload on peri\u2010implant tissue: a histologic study in monkeys","volume":"13","author":"Miyata T","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"343","article-title":"Understanding dental CAD\/CAM for restorations \u2013 accuracy from a mechanical engineering viewpoint","volume":"18","author":"Tapie L","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Comput Dent."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-019-0180-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2010.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"575","volume-title":"Three\u2010dimensional image\u2010guided techniques for minimally invasive surgery","author":"Fan Z","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3390\/dj12020034","article-title":"Different methods of scan alignment in erosive tooth wear measurements: an in vitro study","volume":"12","author":"Loumprinis N","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dent J."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-017-2155-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.14338"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2010.03.036"}],"container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jopr.70095","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jopr.70095","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jopr.70095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T04:46:43Z","timestamp":1768970803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jopr.70095"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jopr.70095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jopr.70095","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-941X","1532-849X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-941X","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-849X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jopr.70095"}}