{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T13:40:03Z","timestamp":1776692403677,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate the surface roughness, hydrophobicity, and\n Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n biofilm formation of three denture base materials, including two computer\u2010aided design and computer\u2010aided manufacturing (CAD\u2010CAM) polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resins and one conventional heat\u2010polymerized PMMA, before and after thermocycling (TC).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Thirty disk\u2010shaped specimens (\u00d810 \u00d7 1.5\u00a0mm) were fabricated and assigned to three groups (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 10 each): (1) nanographene\u2010reinforced CAD\u2010CAM PMMA (GDM, trace graphene content <0.05 wt%), (2) pre\u2010polymerized CAD\u2010CAM PMMA (MDM; nanoparticle\u2010free control), and (3) conventional heat\u2010polymerized PMMA (CDM; nanoparticle\u2010free control). Specimens underwent 10,000 thermal cycles in artificial saliva, followed by repeated measurements. Surface roughness was measured before polishing, before TC (after polishing), and after TC using a noncontact optical profilometer to establish baseline surface conditions and quantify finishing\u2010 and aging\u2010related changes. Hydrophobicity was assessed before TC (after polishing) and after TC via water contact angle analysis.\n C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n biofilm formation was evaluated before TC (after polishing) and after TC using a 48\u2010h incubation model followed by colony\u2010forming unit quantification. The data were analyzed using a one\u2010way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons. Additionally, paired\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010tests were conducted to evaluate changes before and after TC (\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Surface roughness differed significantly before polishing and after TC (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), but not before TC (after polishing) (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.129). CDM had the highest roughness; GDM showed the lowest after TC (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Water contact angle did not differ significantly among materials (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2265 0.136). GDM initially showed higher\n C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n biofilm than CDM (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.009), but levels decreased after TC (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), with no differences thereafter. Biofilm formation after TC correlated positively with contact angle (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.478) and negatively with roughness (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.401).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Surface polishing reduced the roughness of all tested materials, with GDM exhibiting the lowest roughness. The incorporation of nanographene in a pre\u2010polymerized PMMA denture base reduced roughness and\n C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n biofilm formation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.70132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:50:27Z","timestamp":1776689427000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surface properties and biofilm formation of a manufacturer\u2010reinforced, nanographene\u2010modified pre\u2010polymerized CAD\u2010CAM polymethylmethacrylate denture base material: An in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1751-9207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fclce","family":"\u00c7akmak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology School of Dental Medicine University of Bern Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Faculty of Dentistry Biruni University \u0130stanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5493-0295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Molinero\u2010Mourelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology School of Dental Medicine University of Bern Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics Faculty of Dentistry Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6963-8289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Ali","family":"Mosaddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics Faculty of Dentistry Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Research Analytics Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals Saveetha University Chennai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Farjoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology School of Dental Medicine University of Bern Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4570-9067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deniz","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Faculty of Dentistry Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Antalya Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4619-2461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sigrun","family":"Eick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology School of Dental Medicine University of Bern Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9700-5534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Schimmel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology School of Dental Medicine University of Bern Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7101-363X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burak","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology School of Dental Medicine University of Bern Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Restorative Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry School of Dental Medicine University of Bern Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Ankara University Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.02.018","article-title":"Bond strength of conventional, subtractive, and additive manufactured denture bases to soft and hard relining materials","volume":"37","author":"Wemken G","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e873","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.12942","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of adhesion of Candida albicans on CAD\/CAM PMMA\u2010based polymers","volume":"28","author":"Murat S","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2019.05.034","article-title":"Printing accuracy, mechanical properties, surface characteristics, and microbial adhesion of 3D\u2010printed resins with various printing orientations","volume":"124","author":"Shim JS","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13033","article-title":"A comparison of the surface properties of CAD\/CAM and conventional polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)","volume":"28","author":"Al\u2010Dwairi ZN","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2021.104646","article-title":"Effect of thermocycling on the surface properties of CAD\u2010CAM denture base materials after different surface treatments","volume":"121","author":"Atalay S","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.2186\/jpr.JPR_D_21_00116","article-title":"Comparison of the flexural and surface properties of milled, 3D\u2010printed, and heat polymerized PMMA resins for denture bases: an in vitro study","volume":"66","author":"Fiore AD","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Prosthodont Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104094","article-title":"Analysis of the residual monomer content in milled and 3D\u2010printed removable CAD\u2010CAM complete dentures: an in vitro study","volume":"120","author":"Srinivasan M","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.19-0448","article-title":"Mechanical properties of a polymethyl methacrylate block for CAD\/CAM dentures","volume":"62","author":"Iwaki M","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Oral Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2012.12.011","article-title":"Effect of high\u2010pressure polymerization on mechanical properties of PMMA denture base resin","volume":"20","author":"Murakami N","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13755","article-title":"Effect of polishing and denture cleansers on the surface roughness of new\u2010generation denture base materials and their color change after cleansing","volume":"33","author":"\u00c7akmak G","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.2011.00698.x","article-title":"Epidemiology and etiology of denture stomatitis","volume":"20","author":"Gendreau L","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5569","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2021.19468","article-title":"Fabrication of high dielectric materials through selective insertion of functionalized reduced graphene oxide on hard segment of thermoplastic polyurethane","volume":"21","author":"Manna R","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nanosci Nanotechnol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/408643","article-title":"Recent applications of nanomaterials in prosthodontics","volume":"2015","author":"Wang W","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nanomater"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13483","article-title":"3D\u2010printable denture base resin containing SiO(2) nanoparticles: an in vitro analysis of mechanical and surface properties","volume":"31","author":"Gad MM","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.105983","article-title":"Do resin\u2010modified 3D\u2010printed complete dentures show improved mechanical, physical, surface, and biological properties? A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"161","author":"Mosaddad SA","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13172869","article-title":"Graphene\u2010based nanocomposites: synthesis, mechanical properties, and characterizations","volume":"13","author":"Ibrahim A","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"152","article-title":"The effect of thermocycling on surface microhardness of PMMA doped with graphene: an experimental in vitro study","volume":"17","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez J","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Dent Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507.e501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2022.12.009","article-title":"Effect of coffee thermocycling on the surface roughness and stainability of nanographene\u2010reinforced polymethyl methacrylate used for fixed definitive prostheses","volume":"129","author":"\u00c7akmak G","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2022.10.012","article-title":"Trueness of crowns fabricated by using additively and subtractively manufactured resin\u2010based CAD\u2010CAM materials","volume":"131","author":"\u00c7akmak G","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12142335","article-title":"The influence of graphene in improvement of physico\u2010mechanical properties in PMMA denture base resins","volume":"12","author":"Bacali C","year":"2019","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdsr.2023.06.003","article-title":"Graphene loaded into dental polymers as reinforcement of mechanical properties: a systematic review","volume":"59","author":"Sahm BD","year":"2023","journal-title":"Jpn Dent Sci Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2022.06.032","article-title":"Physical\u2010chemical and microbiological performances of graphene\u2010doped PMMA for CAD\/CAM applications before and after accelerated aging protocols","volume":"38","author":"Ionescu AC","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00465","article-title":"Antimicrobial mechanisms and effectiveness of graphene and graphene\u2010functionalized biomaterials. a scope review","volume":"8","author":"Mohammed H","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3070","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.7b00371","article-title":"Graphene oxide\u2010coated surface: inhibition of bacterial biofilm formation due to specific surface\u2010interface interactions","volume":"2","author":"Yadav N","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2021.01.093","article-title":"Mechanism and factors influence of graphene\u2010based nanomaterials antimicrobial activities and application in dentistry","volume":"11","author":"Radhi A","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mater Res Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6274","DOI":"10.3390\/app14146274","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity of graphene oxide\/zinc hydroxide nanocomposites","volume":"14","author":"Sanchez JA","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10102607","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of a 3D\u2010printed polymethylmethacrylate dental resin enhanced with graphene","volume":"10","author":"Salgado H","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-03133-2","article-title":"Flexural strength, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial activity of a polymethyl methacrylate denture resin enhanced with graphene and silver nanoparticles","volume":"24","author":"Bacali C","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2018.01.019","article-title":"Nano\u2010graphene oxide incorporated into PMMA resin to prevent microbial adhesion","volume":"34","author":"Lee J\u2010H","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-03991-7","article-title":"Effect of thermocycling on surface topography and fracture toughness of milled and additively manufactured denture base materials: an in\u2010vitro study","volume":"24","author":"Abdul\u2010Monem MM","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13615","article-title":"Effect of thermal cycling on the flexural strength and hardness of new\u2010generation denture base materials","volume":"32","author":"\u00c7akmak G","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03716-2","article-title":"Evaluation and assessment of the wettability and water contact angle of modified poly methyl methacrylate denture base materials against PEEK in cast partial denture framework: an in vitro study","volume":"24","author":"Narde J","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2018.09.016","article-title":"Hydrophobicity of graphene as a driving force for inhibiting biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria and fungi","volume":"35","author":"Agarwalla SV","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2014.03.023","article-title":"Investigation of the effect of different polishing techniques on the surface roughness of denture base and repair materials","volume":"112","author":"Gungor H","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.JISPCD_213_21","article-title":"Hydrophobicity of denture base resins: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"12","author":"Gad MM","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Int Soc Prev Commun Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2022.10.001","article-title":"Development of 3D printed dental resin nanocomposite with graphene nanoplatelets enhanced mechanical properties and induced drug\u2010free antimicrobial activity","volume":"38","author":"Aati S","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04754-0","article-title":"Effect of zinc oxide\/graphene oxide nanocomposites on the cytotoxicity, antibacterial and mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate","volume":"24","author":"Ruan S","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6441","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15186441","article-title":"Surface roughness and color stability of 3D\u2010printed denture base materials after simulated brushing and thermocycling","volume":"15","author":"\u00c7akmak G","year":"2022","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-008-0226-4","article-title":"Candida albicans adhesion to composite resin materials","volume":"13","author":"B\u00fcrgers R","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1159\/000510194","article-title":"In vitro activity of oral health care products on Candida biofilm formation","volume":"29","author":"Katagiri H","year":"2021","journal-title":"Monogr Oral Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03880.x","article-title":"EUCAST technical note on the EUCAST definitive document EDef 7.2: method for the determination of broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentrations of antifungal agents for yeasts EDef 7.2 (EUCAST\u2010AFST)","volume":"18","author":"Arendrup MC","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13413","article-title":"Strength and surface properties of a 3D\u2010printed denture base polymer","volume":"31","author":"Gad MM","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2025.06.018","article-title":"Effects of hydrothermal aging on surface properties and biofilm formation of CAD\u2010CAM materials used for complete arch implant\u2010supported prostheses: an in vitro study","volume":"134","author":"\u00c7akmak G","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.13102","article-title":"Is surface roughness of direct resin composite restorations material and polisher\u2010dependent? A systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Devlukia S","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(97)80038-3","article-title":"Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: a review of the literature","volume":"13","author":"Bollen CM","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Mechanical and surface properties of a 3D\u2010printed dental resin reinforced with graphene","volume":"64","author":"Salgado H","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Port Estomatol Med Dentaria e Cir Maxilofac"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2012.10.039","article-title":"The Vroman effect: competitive protein exchange with dynamic multilayer protein aggregates","volume":"103","author":"Hirsh SL","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2006.09.006","article-title":"Volumetric interpretation of protein adsorption: competition from mixtures and the Vroman effect","volume":"28","author":"Noh H","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomaterials"}],"container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jopr.70132","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jopr.70132","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jopr.70132","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:50:32Z","timestamp":1776689432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jopr.70132"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jopr.70132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jopr.70132","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-941X","1532-849X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-941X","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-849X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jopr.70132"}}