{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:51:32Z","timestamp":1791280292994,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n The purpose of this evaluation study was to assess the performance of ChatGPT\u20105, Google Gemini (v2.5), and Microsoft Copilot in identifying five demonstration dental implant systems and four implants from real clinical cases based on clinical and radiographic images.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n Clinical photographs of the demonstration implant platforms and corresponding radiographs of NobelActive (NobelActive; Nobel Biocare), NobelParallel Conical Connection (NobelParallel CC; Nobel Biocare), NobelReplace Conical Connection (NobelReplace CC; Nobel Biocare), Straumann Bone Level Conical (Straumann BLC; Institut Straumann), and Straumann BLX (Straumann BLX; Institut Straumann), were entered into ChatGPT\u20105, Google Gemini (v2.5), and Microsoft Copilot with one standardized prompt. In addition, four previously placed implants from real patient cases (NobelActive, NobelReplace CC, Straumann Bone Level Tapered [BLT], and Straumann BLX) were analyzed using the same software programs and standardized prompt. All inputs were conducted in a clean session. All responses from ChatGPT\u20105, Gemini, and Copilot software programs were compared for accuracy and descriptive completeness.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n ChatGPT\u20105 correctly identified two of the five demonstration implant systems, but did not definitively identify any of the four real clinical cases. Google Gemini failed to correctly identify any implant system in either the demonstration or clinical cases. Microsoft Copilot did not correctly identify the demonstration implants but correctly identified one of the four real clinical cases (Straumann BLX). Diagnostic overlap among tapered internal\u2010connection systems was a common source of misclassification.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n None of the evaluated artificial intelligence (AI) software programs consistently identified dental implant systems across both demonstration and real clinical cases. Although ChatGPT\u20105 showed partial diagnostic capability in demonstration implants and Microsoft Copilot correctly identified one real clinical case, overall system\u2010level identification remained unreliable.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.70155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T06:17:14Z","timestamp":1776925034000},"page":"1242-1248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of artificial intelligence\u2013based software programs applied to the radiographic and photographic identification of dental implant systems"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Sohil A.","family":"Kazim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Education Program in Implant Dentistry Loma Linda University School of Dentistry Loma Linda California USA"},{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry Advanced Specialty Education Program in Prosthodontics Rutgers School of Dental Medicine Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0626-3624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles J.","family":"Goodacre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Education Program in Implant Dentistry Loma Linda University School of Dentistry Loma Linda California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"879","article-title":"Implant identification by radiographic analysis: a systematic review","volume":"123","author":"Sannino G","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Dental implant prosthetics","author":"Resnik RR","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"110","article-title":"A web\u2010based implant recognition system using radiographic morphology","volume":"30","author":"Lim J","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(03)00212-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"467","article-title":"Complications and maintenance of implant prostheses","volume":"33","author":"Wittneben JG","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"457","article-title":"Misfit of implant prostheses: causes and consequences","volume":"128","author":"Borges GA","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"401","article-title":"Implant system variability and prosthodontic implications","volume":"223","author":"Jivraj S","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"375","article-title":"Morphologic diversity among implant macrodesigns","volume":"36","author":"Alqutaibi AY","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","article-title":"Comparison of implant connection types and mechanical performance","volume":"110","author":"Huang C","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"HowellK FarleyN.WhatImplantIsThat.com: radiographic implant database. Revive Dental Implant Center.2025Nov."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"246","article-title":"Contemporary approaches to implant identification","volume":"125","author":"Bidra AS","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"194","article-title":"Clinical considerations in implant selection","volume":"81","author":"Buser D","year":"2019","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_1302_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"847","article-title":"Diagnostic challenges with undocumented implants","volume":"21","author":"Al\u2010Johany SS","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in dentistry: current applications and future directions","volume":"102","author":"Schwendicke F","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2022.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"214","article-title":"Digital and AI\u2010assisted prosthodontics","volume":"131","author":"Wismeijer D","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520915714"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","article-title":"Performance of large language models in dentomaxillofacial radiology: a systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Liu Z","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.13.01003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-023-00107-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04380-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/51391"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCMA.0000000000000955"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dj13070279"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2023.12.007"}],"container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jopr.70155","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jopr.70155","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jopr.70155","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:00:07Z","timestamp":1791277207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jopr.70155"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jopr.70155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jopr.70155","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-941X","1532-849X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-941X","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-849X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}