{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:59:38Z","timestamp":1785286778049,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the efficacy of using a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide (HP) followed by ozone (7%\u201315% HP and ozone) and using a high concentration of HP (35% HP) in bleaching of natural teeth. In addition, the bleaching efficacy of ozone alone was evaluated in comparison to 7%\u201335% HP and ozone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This randomized controlled in vitro study was carried out on 75 extracted human teeth with intact enamel. The teeth were randomly allocated to 5 groups (15 teeth per group) and were then bleached with either ozone alone, 35% HP and ozone, 15% HP and ozone, 10% HP and ozone, or 7% HP and ozone. Teeth shades (including CIELab values) were measured at baseline and after bleaching using conventional (VITA classic and 3D Master shade guides) and digital (Easyshade and Rayplicker Handy spectrophotometers) methods. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc tests (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean \u0394\n                      <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>00<\/jats:sub>\n                      was larger than 1.8\u20132.00 threshold values in all groups, indicating perceived and identified bleaching effects by human eye. Groups 1 (ozone only) and 5 (7% HP\u00a0+\u00a0ozone) were associated with less \u0394shade between baseline and ozone bleaching than Groups 2 (35% HP\u00a0+\u00a0ozone), 3 (15% HP\u00a0+\u00a0ozone), and 4 (10% HP\u00a0+\u00a0ozone) (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264\u00a00.001). Without using ozone, bleaching with 35% HP resulted in superior bleaching effects (higher \u0394\n                      <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>00<\/jats:sub>\n                      values) when compared with 7% and 15% HP (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.05). However, when followed by ozone, bleaching using lower concentrations of HP (7%\u201315% HP) resulted in similar bleaching outcomes (similar \u0394\n                      <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>00<\/jats:sub>\n                      values) when compared with bleaching using 35% HP (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). Bleaching using ozone alone resulted in weaker bleaching effects when compared with HP with ozone (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incorporating ozone into HP\u2010based bleaching protocols would significantly enhance whitening efficacy. This combination enables the use of lower HP concentrations (7%\u201315% HP) without compromising bleaching results. This confirms ozone's value as a supportive bleaching agent that might have the potential to improve patient safety and comfort. Although bleaching with ozone alone yielded perceived color changes, it yielded inferior bleaching effects compared to bleaching using HP followed by ozone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.70198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:16:34Z","timestamp":1785284194000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative assessment of bleaching of natural teeth using ozone\u2010enhanced low\u2010concentration hydrogen peroxide"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9226-3697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud K.","family":"Al\u2010Omiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics School of Dentistry University of Jordan  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarek Jamal","family":"Jumah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, White Pearl Clinics  Makkah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raed Abul","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled M.","family":"Al\u2010Omiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy University of Jordan  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh Ali","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Sciences College of Dentistry King Khalid University  Abha Asir Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada Ahmad E.","family":"Alamoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Sciences College of Dentistry King Khalid University  Abha Asir Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6658-5123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed Awod Bin","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Sciences College of Dentistry King Khalid University  Abha Asir Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naif N.","family":"Abogazalah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Sciences \u201cRDS\u201d College of Dentistry King Faisal University  Al Ahsa Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"Algadhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry College of Dentistry Jazan University  Jazan Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences De Montfort University Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010021\u201004128\u20108"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"421","article-title":"The pH of tooth\u2010whitening products","volume":"66","author":"Price RB","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Can Dent Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903\u2010020\u201001244\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010025\u201013958\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15644\/asc55\/3\/5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102591.2003.00667.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Nonvital bleaching: general considerations and report of two failure cases","volume":"1","author":"Dietschi D","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Esthet Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1997.0420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12677"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770\u2010200004000\u201000001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678\u201077572009000600014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266\u2010024\u201000976\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2341\/16\u2010208\u2010C"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010024\u201006041\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.105775"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"84","article-title":"The use of ozone to lighten teeth. 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