{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T05:30:02Z","timestamp":1787376602061,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare four AI software programs\u2014ChatGPT\u20105, Microsoft Copilot, Google Gemini (V 2.5), and OpenEvidence\u2014in generating comprehensive dental treatment plans for minimally destructed and severely mutilated teeth using identical clinical inputs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Ten anonymized clinical cases, each consisting of 1 intraoral photograph and 1 corresponding periapical radiograph, were independently submitted to each AI software program using a standardized prompt. A reference standard was established through consensus among four calibrated specialists (one surgically trained prosthodontist, one restorative dentist, one prosthodontist, and one endodontist). AI\u2010generated responses were evaluated using a structured scoring rubric across five domains: diagnostic accuracy, restorability assessment, multidisciplinary integration, treatment sequencing, and extraction appropriateness (score range: 0\u201310 per case). Agreement among evaluators was assessed using pairwise Cohen's kappa (\n \u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n ) analysis based on initial independent scoring before consensus discussions.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Substantial inter\u2010evaluator agreement was observed (\n \u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.68\u20130.80), indicating consistent application of the scoring rubric. Mean total scores were highest for OpenEvidence (7.7 \u00b1 1.4) and ChatGPT\u20105 (7.6 \u00b1 1.1), followed by Google Gemini (5.1 \u00b1 1.2) and Microsoft Copilot (4.7 \u00b1 3.1). OpenEvidence and ChatGPT\u20105 more frequently incorporated phased treatment sequencing, ferrule assessment, restorability analysis, and multidisciplinary treatment considerations. Microsoft Copilot failed to generate responses in three of the 10 evaluated cases because of content\u2010filtering restrictions.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n AI software programs generated structured and clinically relevant dental treatment proposals; however, meaningful variability existed in diagnostic interpretation, restorability assessment, multidisciplinary integration, and extraction thresholds. OpenEvidence and ChatGPT\u20105 demonstrated greater agreement with the expert reference standard, although clinically significant diagnostic errors were observed across all evaluated systems. AI\u2010generated treatment plans should therefore be regarded as adjunctive decision\u2010support tools requiring specialist oversight before clinical implementation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.70226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T05:19:46Z","timestamp":1787375986000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multidisciplinary dental treatment planning by artificial intelligence: A comparative evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1264-6963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohil A.","family":"Kazim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry Advanced Specialty Education Program in Prosthodontics Rutgers School of Dental Medicine Rutgers University Newark New Jersey 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