{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:24:19Z","timestamp":1788456259894,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Prosthodontics"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy (trueness and precision) of three portable facial scanning methods: a professional handheld structured\u2010light scanner (P\u2010HS), a low\u2010cost handheld structured\u2010light scanner (LC\u2010HS), and a smartphone with a depth\u2010sensing camera (SP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twelve adult volunteers were recruited. Seventeen facial soft\u2010tissue landmarks were marked with adhesive fiducials, and 12 inter\u2010landmark distances were measured. Ten repeated facial scans were acquired from each participant with each method, plus reference scans from an industrial reference scanner. The relative error (RE) was calculated, and trueness and precision were expressed as the mean (Mean\u2010RE) and standard deviation (SD\u2010RE) of REs per participant, distance, and method. The methods were compared using linear mixed\u2010effects models, with pairwise comparisons adjusted by the Holm method (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Statistically significant differences were found in the trueness and precision. The P\u2010HS was the most accurate. The P\u2010HS and SP showed comparable precision, about twice that of the LC\u2010HS, which was the least precise and tended to overestimate. Despite a near\u2010zero net trueness, the SP produced the largest deviations at individual distances. Differences between the trueness and precision of P\u2010HS and SP were not statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The facial scanning method significantly affected accuracy. The P\u2010HS best suits high\u2010fidelity workflows; the LC\u2010HS remained within clinically acceptable limits in other studies for less demanding tasks; and the SP was least accurate where point\u2010to\u2010point fidelity is required. Method selection should follow the accuracy each workflow requires.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.70228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:45:31Z","timestamp":1788453931000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Accuracy (trueness and precision) of two handheld scanners and a smartphone for three\u2010dimensional facial scanning: An in vivo study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7327-9688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaizka","family":"Erkizia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, School of Engineering Gipuzkoa University of the Basque Country EHU  Donostia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2163-9957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xabier","family":"Amezua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, School of Engineering Bilbao University of the Basque Country EHU  Bilbao Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7113-7408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikel","family":"Iturrate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, School of Engineering Gipuzkoa University of the Basque Country EHU  Donostia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1734-2173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eneko","family":"Solaberrieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, School of Engineering Gipuzkoa University of the Basque Country EHU  Donostia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004485"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2019.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/prosthesis4040053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2023.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/22228"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children9091390"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266\u2010024\u201004121\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13274"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2023.104533"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.14042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2024.100845"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12185833"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjx227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24165286"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12821"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization.Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results\u2014part 1: general principles and definitions. 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