{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:04:16Z","timestamp":1790165056398,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000204","name":"Vancouver Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UNR12-\u00ad0926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNR12-\u00ad0926"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000204","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000204","name":"Vancouver Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UNR13-0484"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNR13-0484"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000204","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Personality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Solitude is a ubiquitous experience, often confused with loneliness, yet sometimes sought out in daily life. This study aimed to identify distinct types of solitude experiences from everyday affect\/thought patterns and to examine how and for whom solitude is experienced positively versus negatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred community\u2010dwelling adults aged 50\u201385\u00a0years (64% female; 56% East Asian, 36% European, 8% other\/mixed heritage) and 50 students aged 18\u201328\u00a0years (92% female; 42% East Asian, 22% European, 36% other\/mixed) each completed approximately 30 daily life assessments over 10\u00a0days on their current and desired social situation, thoughts, and affect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multilevel latent profile analysis identified two types of everyday solitude: one characterized by negative affect and effortful thought (negative solitude experiences) and one characterized by calm and the near absence of negative affect\/effortful thought (positive solitude experiences). Individual differences in social self\u2010efficacy and desire for solitude were associated with everyday positive solitude propensity; trait self\u2010rumination and self\u2010reflection were associated with everyday negative solitude propensity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides a new framework for conceptualizing everyday solitude. It identifies specific affect\/thought patterns that characterize distinct solitude experience clusters, and it links these clusters with well\u2010established individual differences. We discuss key traits associated with thriving in solitude.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,13]],"date-time":"2018-07-13T01:25:05Z","timestamp":1531445105000},"page":"633-647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["By myself and liking it? Predictors of distinct types of solitude experiences in daily life"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1724-1989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"Lay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6855-1787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa","family":"Pauly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1698-3630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy C.","family":"Biesanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0400-4231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christiane A.","family":"Hoppmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"The MacArthur scale of subjective social status","author":"Adler N.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Social support networks: A hierarchical mapping technique","author":"Antonucci T. 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