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Past studies have found that personality traits reflecting such variability are linked to neuroanatomical and functional changes in prefrontal and temporo\u2010parietal cortices. Whether these effects are partially mediated by the differences in intra\u2010cortical myelin remains to be established.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>To test this hypothesis, we employed vertex\u2010wise intra\u2010cortical myelin maps in <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01,003 people from the Human Connectome Project. Multivariate regression analyses were used to test for the relationship between intra\u2010cortical myelin and each of the five\u2010factor model\u2019s personality traits, while accounting for age, sex, intelligence quotient, total intracranial volume, and the remaining personality traits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuroticism <jats:italic>negatively<\/jats:italic> related to frontal\u2010pole myelin and <jats:italic>positively<\/jats:italic> to occipital cortex myelin. Extraversion <jats:italic>positively<\/jats:italic> related to superior parietal myelin. Openness <jats:italic>negatively<\/jats:italic> related to anterior cingulate myelin, while Agreeableness <jats:italic>positively<\/jats:italic> related to orbitofrontal myelin. Conscientiousness <jats:italic>positively<\/jats:italic> related to frontal\u2010pole myelin and <jats:italic>negatively<\/jats:italic> to myelin content in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intra\u2010cortical myelin levels in brain regions with prolonged myelination are <jats:italic>positively<\/jats:italic> associated with personality traits linked to favorable outcome measures. These findings improve our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of variability in common behavioral dispositions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,14]],"date-time":"2018-10-14T12:18:42Z","timestamp":1539519522000},"page":"889-902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Intra\u2010cortical myelin mediates personality differences"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Nicola","family":"Toschi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine &amp; Prevention University \u201cTor Vergata\u201d Rome Italy"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7937-0615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Passamonti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioimaging &amp; Molecular Physiology National Research Council Milano Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25198"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23481"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2007.00485.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1010356107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","volume-title":"Understanding biological psychology","author":"Corr P.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/pen.2017.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","volume-title":"Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO\u2010PI\u2010R) and NEO Five\u2010Factor Inventory (NEO\u2010FFI) professional manual","author":"Costa P. 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