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While previous studies have demonstrated sex differences and non\u2010linear changes in personality development, these results remain equivocal. The current study utilized longitudinal data (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0831) from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence to examine sex differences in the development of personality and the association between substance use and personality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants (ages 12\u201321 at baseline) completed the Ten\u2010Item Personality Inventory and self\u2010reported past year alcohol and marijuana use at up to 7 yearly visits. Data were analyzed using generalized additive mixed\u2010effects models and linear mixed\u2010effects models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings support linear increases in agreeableness and conscientious and decreases in openness with age and inform on timing of sex\u2010specific non\u2010linear development of extraversion and emotional stability. Further, results provide novel information regarding the timing of the association between substance use and personality, and replicate past reporting of differential associations between alcohol and marijuana use and extraversion, and sex\u2010dependent effects of marijuana use on emotional stability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the importance of modeling sex differences in personality development using flexible non\u2010linear modeling strategies, and accounting for sex\u2010 and age\u2010specific effects of alcohol and marijuana use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T11:56:22Z","timestamp":1639742182000},"page":"748-761","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Developmental trajectories of Big Five personality traits among adolescents and young adults: Differences by sex, alcohol use, and marijuana use"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6665-0490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan P.","family":"Van Fossen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland Oregon USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of South Dakota  Vermillion South Dakota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley K.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Neuroscience and Genetics Lab University of California  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona C.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Sciences SRI International  Menlo Park California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duncan B.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie J.","family":"Nagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland Oregon USA"},{"name":"Behavioral Neuroscience Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00134"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902\u2010013\u20109423\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702616643008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2005.66.323"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pspp0000138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2015.76.895"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1998.59.427"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.55.090902.141913"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Personality Correlates of Nonclinical Substance use in Adolescents","volume":"4","author":"Chambliss C.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.113.4.483"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2006.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862\u2010015\u20109526\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15504263.2019.1636171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010418-103244"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000468"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191109333760"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.41.020190.002221"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00770"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.10.4.425"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/sjp.2018.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2010.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12246"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092\u20106566(03)00046\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021\u2010843X.107.1.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01838"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3998\/2027.42\/162579"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Effects of binge drinking on the developing brain","volume":"39","author":"Jones S. 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