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We examined parents\u2019 explicit and implicit negative internal working models (IWMs) of the child, assessed at toddler age, as linking parental personality and parenting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mothers and fathers from 200 community families provided personality self\u2010reports (Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Empathy, and Anger\/Hostility) when their children were infants. When children were toddlers, the explicit negative IWMs included self\u2010reported low\u2010mentalizing reflective functioning and resentment regarding the child. The implicit negative IWMs were coded as negative relational schemas from parental interviews. Parental positive affect, responsiveness, and power\u2010assertive control were observed in lengthy interactions. Measures were parallel for mother\u2010 and father\u2010child dyads.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mothers\u2019 implicit IWMs linked the association between low Empathy and more power\u2010assertive control. Fathers\u2019 explicit IWMs linked the associations between high Neuroticism and low Agreeableness and lower responsiveness. Additionally, fathers\u2019 Agreeableness and Empathy directly predicted their parenting. Two paths (Agreeableness\u00a0\u2192\u00a0implicit IWMs, and explicit IWMs\u00a0\u2192\u00a0responsiveness) significantly differed between mothers and fathers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>IWMs may link parental personality with parenting. The findings integrate and inform several bodies of literature in personality, social cognition, and developmental psychology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T08:20:19Z","timestamp":1645777219000},"page":"1004-1020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Negative internal working models as mechanisms that link mothers\u2019 and fathers\u2019 personality with their parenting: A short\u2010term longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8888-6501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danming","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences The University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1953-2360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilly C.","family":"Bendel\u2010Stenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences The University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grazyna","family":"Kochanska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences The University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Parenting stress index: Professional manual","author":"Abidin R. 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