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In the present meta\u2010analyses, we aimed to understand how strongly personality can be predicted via smartphone data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Meta\u2010analytical calculations were used to assess the association between smartphone data and Big Five traits. Because of the lack of independence of many included studies, analyses were performed using a multilevel approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Based on data collected from 21 distinct studies, extraversion showed the largest association with the digital footprints derived from smartphone data (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.35), while remaining traits showed smaller associations (ranging from 0.23 to 0.25). For all traits except neuroticism, moderator analyses showed that prediction performance was improved when multiple features were combined together in a single predictive model. Additionally, the strength of the prediction of extraversion was improved when call and text log data were used to perform the prediction, as opposed to other types of smartphone data\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our synthesis reveals small\u2010to\u2010moderate associations between smartphone activity data and Big Five traits. The opportunities, but also dangers of the digital phenotyping of personality traits based on traces of users' activity on a smartphone data are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]],"date-time":"2023-02-04T02:43:25Z","timestamp":1675478605000},"page":"1410-1424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Predicting Big Five personality traits from smartphone data: A meta\u2010analysis on the potential of digital phenotyping"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Davide","family":"Marengo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Turin  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon D.","family":"Elhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology The University of Toledo  Toledo Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry The University of Toledo  Toledo Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Montag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Psychology Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University  Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2019.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257\u2010021\u201009289\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"BFSI: Big\u2010Five Struktur\u2010Inventar (Test & Manual)","author":"Arendasy M.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744\u20106570.1991.tb00688.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-31620-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24989\/dp.v1i1.1821"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u20102909.130.6.887"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144\u2010019\u201000521\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISWC.2011.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779\u2010011\u20100490\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"Non\u2010cognitive research involving systems of testing and learning","author":"Christal R. 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