{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T19:06:13Z","timestamp":1784833573162,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006376","name":"Georgia Southern University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006376","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Personality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self\u2010focused language use has been frequently assumed to reflect narcissism; however, research indicates that the association between first\u2010person singular pronouns (i.e., \u201cI\u2010talk\u201d) and grandiose narcissism is negligible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>To extend this literature, we progressively identify vulnerable narcissism and rumination as positive correlates of I\u2010talk in five studies (valid <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>s\u2009=\u2009211, 475, 1253, 289, 1113).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The first study revealed positive correlates of I\u2010talk suggestive of vulnerable narcissism. The second study showed more directly that vulnerable narcissism was a positive correlate but that this association was attributable to shared variance with neuroticism. The third study, a preregistered effort, replicated and extended the results of the second study. The fourth and fifth studies focused on rumination in a preregistered manner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>All the studies point to a clear distinction: While grandiose narcissism is negligibly related to I\u2010talk, vulnerable narcissism is positively related to I\u2010talk; moreover, rumination is a robust predictor of I\u2010talk. A research synthesis revealed the following constructs significantly capture I\u2010talk: depression (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.10), neuroticism (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.15), rumination (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.14), and vulnerable narcissism (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.12). The association between I\u2010talk and neuroticism was partially mediated by rumination, providing a testable candidate mechanism for neuroticism interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T07:24:07Z","timestamp":1713857047000},"page":"394-411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Notes from the Underground: Seeking the top personality correlates of self\u2010referencing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0392-0083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas S.","family":"Holtzman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Southeastern Louisiana University  Hammond Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey J.","family":"Klibert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Georgia Southern University  Statesboro Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Brianna","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Georgia Southern University  Statesboro Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah L.","family":"Dorough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Georgia Southern University  Statesboro Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Brent","family":"Donnellan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_25_2_1","volume-title":"Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond","author":"Beck J. 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