{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:14:14Z","timestamp":1787015654768,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Personality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several recent accounts have failed to replicate the so\u2010called Narcissism Epidemic, suggesting potential influences of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) in 2008 as a reason for narcissism trend reversals. Here, we provide evidence for narcissism test score changes from 1982 to 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We investigated self\u2010report data on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) from 1105 studies (\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091621,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009546,225) using precision\u2010weighted cross\u2010temporal meta\u2010analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data collection years were meaningfully negatively associated with narcissism scores in virtually all analyses (\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      s: \u22120.409 to \u22120.008; partial eta square's: &lt;\u20090.001 to 0.118;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      s: &lt;\u20090.001 to 0.174), thus indicating cross\u2010temporally decreasing narcissism self\u2010report scores. Examination of regression segments pre\u2010 and post\u2010dating the GFC and segmented line regressions indicated mostly stable narcissism scores during the 1980s and 1990s that subsequently showed negative slopes with somewhat differing decreases onsets according to analytical subsets.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here, we provide evidence for negative cross\u2010temporal changes in narcissism from 1982 to 2023 globally, thus contrasting the idea of a Narcissism Epidemic having taken place at any point during the past four decades. Changes appear to generalize across different regions and participant sex, although mean scores were differentiated, yielding higher narcissism values for North American and younger samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T08:13:50Z","timestamp":1728893630000},"page":"884-894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Farewell to the Narcissism Epidemic? A Cross\u2010Temporal Meta\u2010Analysis of Global\n                    <scp>NPI<\/scp>\n                    Scores (1982\u20132023)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1291-6609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Oberleiter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology University of Vienna  Wien Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5031-690X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Stickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology University of Vienna  Wien Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0222-9557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob","family":"Pietschnig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology University of Vienna  Wien Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2005.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167696812466842"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797614532818"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pspp0000114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Social Comparison and Social Psychology: Understanding Cognition, Intergroup Relations, and Culture","author":"Buunk A. 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