{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T03:37:30Z","timestamp":1782963450693,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]],"date-time":"2015-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000182","name":"Medical Research and Materiel Command","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Research on Adolesc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Adolescents take more risks with peers than when alone. It is not clear how peer presence affects adolescents' risky decision making, however. We used the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>owa <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>ambling <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>ask (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGT<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2014a game used to assess decision making involving risk and reward\u2014to examine how peers affect late adolescents' exploration of relevant environmental cues, ability to learn from the outcomes (positive and negative) of that exploration, and ability to integrate feedback to adjust behavior toward optimal long\u2010term outcomes. One hundred and one 18\u2010 to 22\u2010year old males (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a019.8\u00a0years) were randomly assigned to play the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGT<\/jats:styled-content> either alone or observed by peers. Late adolescents tested with observers engaged in more exploratory behavior, learned faster from both positive and negative outcomes, and evinced better task performance than those tested alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]],"date-time":"2015-08-19T05:42:21Z","timestamp":1439962941000},"page":"696-705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Peers Increase Late Adolescents' Exploratory Behavior and Sensitivity to Positive and Negative Feedback"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Karol","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth P.","family":"Shulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brock University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Chein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Steinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University"},{"name":"King Abdulaziz University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u20107795.2010.00724.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010\u20100277(94)90018\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5304.1293"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.11.2189"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/6.2.215"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016128"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20107687.2010.01035.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012\u20101649.41.4.625"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530\u20100277.2000.tb04647.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017417"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360\u20100443.2001.9612182512.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"Mplus user's guide","author":"Muth\u00e9n L. 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