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Internal assets (commitment to learning, positive values, social competencies, positive identity) were assessed at ages 12, 15, and 17 via the Developmental Assets Profile. All internal asset domains decreased from 12 to 15\u2009years in both boys and girls, except positive identity in boys. For girls, these decreases, except in social competencies, remained unchanged from 15 to 17\u2009years, whereas boys improved in all domains during the same period except commitment to learning. Across all three assessments, girls reported greater commitment to learning than boys. Boys reported higher positive identity than girls at age 17. Greater parental attachment was associated with higher scores in all domains of internal assets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.70018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T20:00:18Z","timestamp":1743192018000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Internal assets in low\u2010income urban adolescents from 12 to 17\u2009years: Gender variation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3584-6690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meeyoung O.","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Social Work University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miyoung","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pusan National University  Busan Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Minnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn T.","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2010.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470147658.chpsy0116"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2019.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"HOME inventory early adolescent version","author":"Caldwell B.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010devpsych\u2010120321\u2010011511"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u2010006X.70.1.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-019-00996-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.3.280"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"486","article-title":"The brief symptom inventory (BSI): Administration, scoring, and procedure manual\u2010II","volume":"56","author":"Derogatis L.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clinical Psychometric Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"Peabody picture vocabulary test\u2010revised","author":"Dunn L.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-devpsych-120621-043414"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000300"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40688-014-0044-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2005.00090.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","volume-title":"The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ): Administration and scoring manual","author":"Hamby S. 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