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While there is extensive evidence linking higher average mindfulness to lower average emotion regulation difficulties, less is known about the momentary\u2010level patterns that occur within individuals. Additionally, it is unclear if the relationship between mindfulness and emotion regulation changes as a function of adolescents' mental health status. This study sought to fill these gaps by investigating the between\u2010 and within\u2010person concurrent (same moment) and prospective (next moment) effects of mindfulness on emotion regulation among adolescents exposed to chronic stressors. This study also explored the moderating effects of mental health symptoms. Seventy\u2010nine participants who were 10\u201318\u2009years old (\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200913.81;\n                    <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092.16; 56% male; 62% non\u2010Hispanic White) completed ecological momentary assessments (EMA) three times a day for 7\u2009days. Dynamic structural equation modeling revealed that between\u2010 and within\u2010person mindfulness was inversely associated with concurrent, but not prospective, emotion regulation difficulties. Post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and internalizing symptoms also moderated concurrent and prospective within\u2010person associations. Individuals with higher PTSD and internalizing symptoms experienced lower emotion regulation difficulties during moments of greater\u2010than\u2010average mindfulness. Adolescents with higher PTSD symptoms also experienced fewer difficulties regulating their emotions in moments that followed greater mindful nonjudgment. These results highlight that greater momentary mindfulness may be beneficial for emotion regulation within the same moment and across the day for adolescents with mental health difficulties which has meaningful implications for just\u2010in\u2010time interventions. Future research may benefit from incorporating additional EMA measurements to explore the finer grained, short\u2010term dynamics between mindfulness and emotion regulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.70114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T04:19:17Z","timestamp":1767327557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring within and between associations of momentary mindfulness and emotion regulation and the moderating effects of mental health among adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7420-1866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reagan L.","family":"Miller\u2010Chagnon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, College of Natural Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8848-0568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark A.","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5075-3009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shelley A.","family":"Haddock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development &amp; Family Studies, College of Health &amp; Human Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toni S.","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development &amp; Family Studies, College of Health &amp; Human Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_19_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278\u20106133.19.6.586"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608\u2010014\u20109662\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000195"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2017.1406803"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_8_1","unstructured":"Asparouhov T. &Muth\u00e9n B.(2010).Bayesian analysis of latent variable models using Mplus."},{"key":"e_1_2_19_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2018.1511375"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191105283504"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671\u2010020\u201001358\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000571"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671\u2010014\u20100308\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2016.1218926"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nss004"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.84.4.822"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104169"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020444"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HNP.0000000000000017"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671\u2010010\u20100033\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887\u20106185(02)00259\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671\u2010019\u201001175\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721414547415"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3180f6171f"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr3804_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.01.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671\u2010019\u201001276\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2020.107990"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-09593-6_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000563"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671\u2010020\u201001442\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3003_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-013-0242-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2018.1502568"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_36_1","unstructured":"Garland E. 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