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Further, we examined whether adolescents who contribute to their families in more ways differ in mental health from peers, controlling for social and economic resources, and with attention to potential demographic moderators. We drew from a diverse survey of 1854 adolescents ages 14\u201317 in Massachusetts (60% girls, 52% White non\u2010Hispanic, 19% Hispanic, 9% Black, 6% Asian). Adolescents who contributed to their families in relatively more ways were disproportionately older, girls, and Hispanic, and from families with relatively lower levels of social and economic resources. Contributing to the family in more ways was associated with significantly higher levels of distress (i.e., anxiety and depression symptoms), controlling for background demographics. This association was consistent across age, gender, and racial\/ethnic groups. It was also significant for youth from homes within all levels of social and economic resources, although it was stronger among youth from homes with relatively higher (compared to lower) levels of social and economic resources. These findings suggest that contributing to the family in many ways could be emotionally taxing over time, even though prior daily diary studies show it can also be rewarding day to day. Perhaps surprisingly, it may be especially taxing for adolescents from more advantaged homes who are less likely to help the family overall. More long\u2010term, within\u2010subject studies are needed to adjust for numerous co\u2010occurring family circumstances and resources that may confound our findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.70165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T07:35:19Z","timestamp":1773387319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adolescents' contributions to the family in a community\u2010based sample: Links with emotional well\u2010being and individual differences"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5847-9486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Armstrong\u2010Carter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eliot Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development Tufts University  Medford Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6264-9108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"McKane","family":"Sharff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Community Health and Prevention Massachusetts Department of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4176-2291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila","family":"Piza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eliot Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development Tufts University  Medford Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Egan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Community Health and Prevention Massachusetts Department of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Guarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics City University of New York  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions","author":"Aiken L.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12572"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12336"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0000969"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.70045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. 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