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Using data from a U.S.\u2010nationwide study, the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), this study examined the associations between child maltreatment, specifically childhood threat (i.e., harm or threat of harm) and deprivation (i.e., absence of expected environmental inputs), and young adult mental (i.e., depressive symptoms) and metabolic health (i.e., metabolic risk). The moderating effect of social support was also examined, focusing on both\n                    <jats:italic>quality<\/jats:italic>\n                    of different types of support (i.e., from teachers, friends, and other adults) and\n                    <jats:italic>variety<\/jats:italic>\n                    of support sources. Results showed that young adults who experienced more threat during childhood exhibited higher levels of depressive symptoms in young adulthood, and those exposed to more deprivation reported elevated levels of metabolic risk. This study also highlighted the\n                    <jats:italic>protective\u2010stabilizing<\/jats:italic>\n                    role of\n                    <jats:italic>quality<\/jats:italic>\n                    of teacher support in buffering the impact of deprivation on depressive symptoms, and the\n                    <jats:italic>protective\u2010stabilizing<\/jats:italic>\n                    role of\n                    <jats:italic>high\u2010quality<\/jats:italic>\n                    other adult support in the link between childhood deprivation and metabolic risk, such that the benefits of social support remained stable across increasing levels of deprivation. Additionally, the\n                    <jats:italic>variety<\/jats:italic>\n                    of social support showed a\n                    <jats:italic>protective\u2010reactive<\/jats:italic>\n                    pattern in moderating the link between deprivation and metabolic risk, wherein the benefits of\n                    <jats:italic>variety<\/jats:italic>\n                    of social support were released under low deprivation but not high deprivation conditions for metabolic risk. These findings underscore the importance of eliminating child maltreatment experiences and highlight potential interventions, such as enhancing teacher\u2010student relationships and broadening adolescents' access to diverse support networks, to buffer the long\u2010term mental and metabolic health consequences associated with early experiences of threat and deprivation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.70193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:59:38Z","timestamp":1777697978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Child maltreatment and young adult depressive symptoms and metabolic risk: The moderating role of social support"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2733-7001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongyong","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3390-2513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1330720"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666\u20107568(21)00259\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10398562231167782"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964\u2010021\u201001522\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/GP.a2018.0017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","volume-title":"Statistical estimates and transformed beta\u2010variables","author":"Blom G.","year":"1958"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010016\u20102964\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u2010006X.63.5.726"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605211015222"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","volume-title":"The company they keep: Friendships in childhood and adolescence","author":"Bukowski W. 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