{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T14:28:16Z","timestamp":1788013696463,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Renal Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kidney transplantation improves survival and quality of life for patients with end\u2010stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, there is a shortage of donated organs, resulting in long wait times and the potential for death before a donor is found. Non\u2010directed (also called altruistic) living kidney donation is a growing type of donation; however, few studies have examined the values and motivation of individuals evaluated to be a non\u2010directed donor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This qualitative study explores the motivations and values of individuals evaluated for non\u2010directed donation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Focus groups were conducted with individuals who had been evaluated for non\u2010directed living kidney donation. Grounded theory method guided the data analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants (N\u2009=\u200911) were individuals who completed the evaluation for a non\u2010directed living kidney donation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Qualitative analyses revealed eight major themes participants considered in making their decision to donate to a non\u2010related person: (i) motivation to donate; (ii) minimise perceived risk; (iii) ideal selected recipient; (iv) change in lifestyle; (v) source of donation knowledge; (vi) history of altruistic acts; (vii) donation chain and (viii) others\u2019 response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results suggest that non\u2010directed living kidney donors think deeply about their decision and have a resolve to help others that is aligned with their values. As organ availability remains at a critical shortage, unwillingness to consider non\u2010directed living donors (NDD) due to beliefs of ill motivations appears unsupported. Future directions call for the need of standard practice of care in kidney donation evaluations across transplant centers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jorc.12267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]],"date-time":"2019-03-14T05:45:51Z","timestamp":1552542351000},"page":"102-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The non\u2010directed living kidney donor: Why donate to strangers?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7414-3675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy","family":"Balliet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abby S.","family":"Kazley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Leadership and Management Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Leadership and Management Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Holland\u2010Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Correll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Marlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Management, and Policy University of Florida Health Science Center Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Chavin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery\u2010Transplant UH Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabhakar","family":"Baliga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2014).Projections of the prevalence of treated end\u2010stage kidney disease in Australia 2012\u20132020. Cat. No. P HE176. 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