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However, changes in physical activity before and after transplantation remain underexplored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess energy expenditure and physical activity before and after kidney transplantation over 1 year, analysing their relationship with cardiovascular risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Descriptive, longitudinal, prospective study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 112 individuals who had received a kidney transplant (aged \u2265\u200918 years) at a single transplant centre.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sociodemographic and clinical data were extracted from medical records. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was administered at baseline and at 3, 6 and 12 months after transplantation to evaluate physical activity (as metabolic equivalent minutes per week). Laboratory parameters were also collected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Analysis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Descriptive statistics summarised participant characteristics. Inferential analyses (chi\u2010square, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests, ANOVA, Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>, Kruskal\u2013Wallis) examined associations between physical activity and clinical variables (significance <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants had a median age of 58 years; 70.5% were men. Overall physical activity declined at 3 months, rebounded at 6, and decreased again at 12 months, remaining below the levels observed before transplantation. Men, participants not requiring dialysis before transplantation, individuals with overweight, and individuals with a history of cerebrovascular disease exhibited higher physical activity throughout follow\u2010up. Physical activity correlated with certain laboratory parameters, suggesting that better clinical status may foster greater physical activity engagement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tailored physical activity targeting comorbidities and nutritional status are recommended to improve long\u2010term outcomes in kidney transplant recipients, particularly among women, older adults, and those with multiple comorbidities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jorc.70029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T14:10:08Z","timestamp":1755785408000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Changes in Physical Activity Among Spanish Kidney Transplant Recipients: A 12\u2010Month Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Emilia","family":"Ferrer\u2010L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Haemodialysis and Renal Transplant Unit Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet Zaragoza Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Arag\u00f3n (IISA) Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Arag\u00f3n (CIBA) Zaragoza Spain"},{"name":"SAPIENF Research Group (B53\u201023R) Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Cant\u00edn\u2010Lahoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haemodialysis and Renal Transplant Unit Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet Zaragoza Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Arag\u00f3n (IISA) Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Arag\u00f3n (CIBA) Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Rubio\u2010Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haemodialysis and Renal Transplant Unit Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet Zaragoza Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Arag\u00f3n (IISA) Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Arag\u00f3n (CIBA) Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Bl\u00e1zquez\u2010Ornat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAPIENF Research Group (B53\u201023R) Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physiatry and Nursing. 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