{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T04:11:08Z","timestamp":1749528668749},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,13]],"date-time":"2014-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Iowa Department of Transportation","award":["9N-10-0408-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9N-10-0408-006"]}]},{"name":"the University of Iowa Injury Prevention Research Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of School Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although prior research has established that school buses are a safe form of transportation, crashes can produce catastrophic consequences. School buses have 2 types of routes: predictable, routine routes that take children to and from school and less predictable, nonroutine routes for school events. No studies have examined school bus crash incidence and characteristics by these route types.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>School bus crashes were identified from the Iowa Department of Transportation Crash Database from mid\u20102005 through mid\u20102010. Crash reports did not identify whether the bus was on a routine or nonroutine route, so a protocol to assign these based on day and time was developed. Bus mileage was provided by the Iowa Department of Education.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The school bus crash rate was 2.1 times higher on nonroutine routes than on routine routes (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.8\u20102.3). Most crashes involved an improper action by the driver of another vehicle. In crashes attributed to improper actions of school buses, failure to yield the right\u2010of\u2010way and disregarding traffic signs were more common on routine routes, while losing control, speeding, reckless, or aggressive driving were more common on nonroutine routes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>School bus crashes are more likely to occur on nonroutine routes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,13]],"date-time":"2014-08-13T15:23:59Z","timestamp":1407943439000},"page":"575-580","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["School Bus Crash Rates on Routine and Nonroutine Routes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"O'Neal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Iowa  E11 Seashore Hall Iowa City IA 52245\u20101407"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marizen","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health University of Iowa  105 River Street, S318 CPBH Iowa City IA 52242"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cara","family":"Hamann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health University of Iowa  200 Newton Road, 2186 WL Iowa City IA 52242"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health University of Iowa  200 Newton Road, 2184 WL Iowa City IA 52242"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Stahlhut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Traffic and Safety, Iowa Department of Transportation  800 Lincoln Way Ames IA 50010"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Peek\u2010Asa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health University of Iowa  105 River Street, S160 CPBH Iowa City IA 52242"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2008.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.School transportation \u2013 related crashes. Traffic safety facts: 2009 data. Washington DC: US Department of Transportation. DOT HS 811\u2013396 2009. Available at:http:\/\/www\u2010nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov\/Pubs\/811396.pdf. Accessed January 3 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.Web\u2010Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS)[online].2013. Available at:www.cdc.gov\/ncipc\/wisqars. Accessed February 25 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2194-05"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2265-02"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"Transportation Research Board Committee on School Transportation.Special report 269.The Relative Risks of School Travel: A National Perspective and Guidance for Local Community Risk Assessment. Washington DC: Transportation Research Board of the National Academies;2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1981.14-177"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.2003.36-583"}],"container-title":["Journal of School Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjosh.12189","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjosh.12189","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/josh.12189","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T04:41:45Z","timestamp":1696221705000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/josh.12189"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,13]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/josh.12189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/josh.12189","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4391","1746-1561"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4391","type":"print"},{"value":"1746-1561","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-03-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-01-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-08-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}