{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:00:29Z","timestamp":1788872429982,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,25]],"date-time":"2014-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1408924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005640","name":"Flight Attendants Medical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005640","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005188","name":"California Tobacco Related Disease Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["16RT-0075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16RT-0075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of School Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) have higher rates of behavioral and cognitive effects, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the costs to the health care and education systems have not been estimated. We estimate these costs for school\u2010aged children aged 5\u201015.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The relative risk (RR) of ADHD from SHS exposure was obtained from our previous work. SHS exposure was measured using 2 alternative approaches\u2014reported exposure and serum cotinine\u2010measured exposure. RRs and SHS exposure were used to determine the number of children with SHS\u2010attributable ADHD, and mean costs of ADHD\u2010related health care and education services were applied to obtain SHS\u2010attributable health care and education costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Annual health care costs of SHS\u2010attributable ADHD ranged from $644 million (using reported SHS exposure) to $2.05 billion (using cotinine\u2010measured exposure). SHS\u2010attributable costs to the education system ranged from $2.90 to $9.23 billion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The costs of SHS\u2010attributable ADHD to the education system may total more than 4 times the costs for health care. The huge economic impact of SHS exposure on the education system has not been documented previously, and suggests that reducing childhood exposure to tobacco smoke will release substantial funds that could be used for general education of all children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,25]],"date-time":"2014-08-25T23:42:38Z","timestamp":1409010158000},"page":"683-686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Childhood Secondhand Smoke Exposure and\n                    <scp>ADHD<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Attributable Costs to the Health and Education System"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Wendy","family":"Max","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health &amp; Aging University of California 3333 California Street, Suite 340 San Francisco, CA 94118"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai\u2010Yen","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health &amp; Aging University of California 3333 California Street, Suite 340 San Francisco, CA 94118"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California 3333 California Street, Suite 340 San Francisco, CA 94118"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Proposed Identification of Environmental Tobacco Smoke as a Toxic Air Contaminant","author":"California Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2011.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0738"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-0023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"359","article-title":"Maternal smoking during pregnancy as an environmental risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder behaviour. 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Accessed March 25 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61388-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"104","article-title":"The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: is it an American condition?","volume":"2","author":"Faraone S","year":"2003","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1067"}],"container-title":["Journal of School Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjosh.12191","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjosh.12191","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/josh.12191","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T18:27:32Z","timestamp":1717266452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/josh.12191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,25]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/josh.12191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/josh.12191","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4391","1746-1561"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4391","type":"print"},{"value":"1746-1561","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-07-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-04-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-08-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}