{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T12:45:17Z","timestamp":1791809117499,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,7]],"date-time":"2015-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of School Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>School administrators and teachers face difficult decisions about how best to use school resources to meet academic achievement goals. Many are hesitant to adopt prevention curricula that are not focused directly on academic achievement. Yet, some have hypothesized that prevention curricula can remove barriers to learning and, thus, promote achievement. We examined relationships among school levels of student substance use and risk and protective factors that predict adolescent problem behaviors and achievement test performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hierarchical generalized linear models were used to predict associations involving school\u2010averaged levels of substance use and risk and protective factors and students' likelihood of meeting achievement test standards on the Washington Assessment of Student Learning, statistically controlling for demographic and economic factors known to be associated with achievement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Levels of substance use and risk\/protective factors predicted the academic test score performance of students. Many of these effects remained significant even after controlling for model covariates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Implementing prevention programs that target empirically identified risk and protective factors has the potential to have a favorable effect on students' academic achievement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,7]],"date-time":"2015-07-07T06:58:37Z","timestamp":1436252317000},"page":"497-507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Examination of Substance Use, Risk Factors, and Protective Factors on Student Academic Test Score Performance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Arthur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work University of Washington  9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401 Seattle WA 98115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric C.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences University of Miami  1120 NW 14th Street Suite 1014 Miami FL 33136"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Briney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work University of Washington  9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401 Seattle WA 98115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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