{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T11:09:08Z","timestamp":1770980948211,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of School Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sports\u2010 and recreation\u2010related (SRR) activities are a major cause of adolescent concussions. Most adolescent SRR concussion research has been conducted among public school students. As private schools are qualitatively different from public schools (eg, location, socioeconomic status, sports played), this study explores the concussion experiences of a large group of private high school students.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We surveyed 2047 New England private preparatory high school students who played sports or engaged in a recreational activity in 2018 about the sports they played, and their self\u2010reported concussion experiences (eg, age at first concussion, if concussions were sports\u2010 or recreation\u2010related). Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate statistics are presented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>One\u2010third (33.0%) of students who reported engaging in sport\u2010 or recreation\u2010related activities self\u2010reported experiencing a concussion in their lifetime. A higher percentage of boys, students who played contact sports, and those who played multiple seasons of school sports reported a concussion. Sex, contact level of primary sport played, and age of first concussion were also significantly associated with reporting a sports\u2010 or recreation\u2010related concussion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A sizeable proportion of private preparatory high school students reported experiencing a concussion, with some students at higher risk. Private preparatory high school\u2010specific concussion prevention strategies may be needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T23:50:08Z","timestamp":1588722608000},"page":"527-537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Concussion Experiences in New England Private Preparatory High School Students Who Played Sports or Recreational Activities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9277-0712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jill","family":"Daugherty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiologist, (jdaugherty@cdc.gov), National Center for Injury Prevention &amp; Control, Centers for Disease Control &amp; Prevention  4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta GA 30341 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Waltzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Scientist, (dwaltzman@cdc.gov), National Center for Injury Prevention &amp; Control, Centers for Disease Control &amp; Prevention  4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta GA 30341 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine P.","family":"Snedaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Founder and Executive Director, (katherine@pinkconcussions.com), PINK Concussions  15 Shorefront Park, Norwalk CT 06854 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Bouton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head Athletic Trainer, (jbouton@kingschoolct.org), NEPSAC District 4 SMAC Representative, Founding Chair, FAA Athletic Trainers Organization, Adjunct Faculty, Sacred Heart University  1450 Newfield Avenue, Stamford CT 06905 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinjian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistician, (xaz8@cdc.gov), National Center for Injury Prevention &amp; Control, Centers for Disease Control &amp; Prevention  4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta GA 30341 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Director, (dwang01@connecticutchildrens.org), Elite Sports Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center  399 Farmington Ave, Farmington CT 06032 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"National Federation of State High School Associations.2017\u20102018. High School Athletics Participation Survey 2017. Available at:https:\/\/www.nfhs.org\/media\/1020205\/2017\u201018_hs_participation_survey.pdf. Accessed September 3 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The association between school\u2010based physical activity including physical education and academic performance.2010. Available at:https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthyyouth\/health_and_academics\/pdf\/pa\u2010pe_paper.pdf. Accessed September 3 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"DatalysCenter. Sports facts: benefits of youth sports.2014. Available at:https:\/\/www.datalyscenter.org\/sites\/datalyscenter.org\/files\/Benefits_of_Youth_Sports.pdf. Accessed September 3 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5359.49082"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. What is a concussion?2017. Available at:https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/headsup\/basics\/concussion_whatis.html. Accessed March 3 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.9087"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury\u2010related emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths \u2014 United States, 2007 and 2013","volume":"66","author":"Taylor CA","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000156"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6724a3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000505"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mop.0000236385.26284.ec"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097878"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092313"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0325-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.190"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097415"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3181a40590"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","volume-title":"National High School Sports\u2010Related Injury Surveillance Study: 2017\u20132018 School Year","author":"Comstock RD","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","volume-title":"Public and Private Schools: How Do They Differ?","author":"Choy SP","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","volume-title":"High School Sports: The Public vs. Private Debate","author":"Allen J","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","unstructured":"KennedyR.Athletics are not optional.2019. Available at:https:\/\/www.privateschoolreview.com\/blog\/athletics\u2010are\u2010not\u2010optional. Accessed July 30 2019."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"S80","article-title":"An examination of concussion legislation in the United States","volume":"16","author":"Potteiger KL","year":"2018","journal-title":"Internet J Allied Health Sci Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","unstructured":"SnedakarK.Pink concussions: female brain injury from sports violence military service.2019. Available at:http:\/\/www.pinkconcussions.com\/. Accessed June 6 2019."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"371","article-title":"The preparticipation sports evaluation","volume":"92","author":"Mirabelli MH","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","unstructured":"MosesS.Sports contact levels.2018. Available at:https:\/\/fpnotebook.com\/sports\/Exam\/SprtsCntctLvls.htm. Accessed May 24 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0080"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0300300102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.6.4.284"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12775"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","unstructured":"National Federation of State High School Associations. High school participation increases for 29th consecutive year.2019. Available at:https:\/\/www.nfhs.org\/articles\/high\u2010school\u2010sports\u2010participation\u2010increases\u2010for\u201029th\u2010consecutive\u2010year\/. Accessed February 25 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511435626"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098417"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2017.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.19.2549"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-199908000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","volume-title":"Sports\u2010Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture","author":"National Research Council, Committee on Sports\u2010Related Concussions in Youth","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.1.07"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","volume-title":"Athletic Training Locations and Services (ATLAS) Project First Annual Report","author":"Huggins RA","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-209-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000000136"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12543"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000409"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12510"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12552"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000214"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000372"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-48.3.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About heads up.2016. Available at:https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/headsup\/about\/index.html. Accessed March 7 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2007.017277"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor Statistics. Umpires referees and other sports officials.2019. Available at:https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/ooh\/entertainment\u2010and\u2010sports\/umpires\u2010referees\u2010and\u2010other\u2010sports\u2010officials.htm?view_full. Accessed August 7 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.067728"}],"container-title":["Journal of School Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjosh.12899","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/josh.12899","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/josh.12899","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/josh.12899","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T03:42:03Z","timestamp":1693971723000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/josh.12899"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/josh.12899"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/josh.12899","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4391","1746-1561"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4391","type":"print"},{"value":"1746-1561","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-06-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}