{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T18:30:38Z","timestamp":1783535438476,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of School Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Active transportation to school (ATS) is a component of a whole school approach to health promotion among youth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individual\u2010 and school\u2010level predictors of ATS were examined using data from parent surveys (N\u00a0=\u00a011,100) of students in grades 3\u20108 attending 112 schools in Arizona (United States) administering Safe Routes to School (SRTS) programs between 2007 and 2018. Multilevel logistic models were estimated to predict the likelihood of students using active (walking or biking) versus inactive travel (riding bus or car) to and from school, and across distance and school\u2010level income categories.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Student grade, parent education, asking permission to use ATS, perceived health and school support for ATS, distance, and school income were predictive of ATS. The impact of demographic factors persisted across distances of \u00bd mile or less and at low\u2010 and medium\u2010income schools but diminished as distance and income increased. Asking permission and perceived school support persisted across levels of distance and income, while perceiving ATS as healthy was significant only for distances under 1 mile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>SRTS programs should continue promoting health benefits and school support for ATS. SRTS may be particularly effective at low\u2010 and medium\u2010income schools and among families living within \u00bd mile distances.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.13125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T11:04:39Z","timestamp":1639652679000},"page":"282-292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Predictors of Active Transportation Among Safe Routes to School Participants in Arizona: Impacts of Distance and Income"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9645-7691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Solutions Arizona State University  425 N 5th Street Phoenix AZ 85004 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Kurka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Solutions Arizona State University  Health North Building, Suite 501, 550 N 3rd Street Phoenix AZ 85004 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijosup.2015.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.2015-0207"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.8.4.488"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181b11bdc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2898"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2011-034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2009.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2018.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","volume-title":"World Health Organization Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018\u20132030: More Active People for a Healthier World","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"Federal Highway Administration.2017 National Household Travel Survey. 2017. Available at:https:\/\/nhts.ornl.gov\/assets\/FHWA_NHTS_%20Brief_Traveltoschool_032519.pdf. Accessed October 5 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"The 2018 United States Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth","author":"National Physical Activity Plan Alliance","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302325"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.4.618"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"13275","volume-title":"Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention: Solving the Weight of the Nation","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","volume-title":"Educating the Student Body: Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","unstructured":"Safe Routes Partnership.The 6 Es of Safe Routes to School. 2019. Available at:https:\/\/www.saferoutespartnership.org\/safe\u2010routes\u2010school\/101\/6\u2010Es. Accessed October 18 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12283"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","unstructured":"Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center (PBIC).Safe Routes to School Online Guide. Safe Routes to School Online Guide. 2015. Available at:http:\/\/guide.saferoutesinfo.org\/. Accessed March 17 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4278\/ajhp.130430-QUAN-210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-10-83"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-5-34"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2009.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jphp.2008.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2012.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2018.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2017-0033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2524.2001.00275.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-8-56"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","unstructured":"Arizona Department of Education.Health & Nutrition Services: Free and Reduced Report School Year 2018\u20132019; 2018. Available at:http:\/\/www.azed.gov\/hns\/frp\/. Accessed May 2 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","volume-title":"Trends in Walking and Bicycling to School from 2007 to 2014","author":"National Center for Safe Routes to School","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","volume-title":"Education Demographic and Geographic Estimates Program (EDGE): Locale Boundaries User's Manual","author":"Geverdt D","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","unstructured":"SAS Enterprise Guide Software.SAS Institute Inc.; 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/1076998607306081"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2019.100600"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","unstructured":"White House Task Force. Solvingthe Problem of Childhood Obesity within a Generation: White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity Report to the President. Executive Office of the President of the United States; 2010. Available at:https:\/\/letsmove.obamawhitehouse.archives.gov\/white\u2010house\u2010task\u2010force\u2010childhood\u2010obesity\u2010report\u2010president"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11319620-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000210208.63565.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2017.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2013.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11116-013-9500-7"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","first-page":"416","article-title":"Parental perceptions of barriers to active commuting to school in Spanish children and adolescents","volume":"27","author":"Huertas\u2010Delgado FJ","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Pub Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00045608.2011.627059"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098013519140"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2018.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19325037.2017.1292877"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u2018Eyes on where children play\u2019: a retrospective study of active free play","volume":"13","author":"Holt NL","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Geogr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2016.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-811931-0.00008-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-5005-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2019.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2018.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11116-007-9135-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2016.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency.Smart Growth and School Siting. 2019. Available at:https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/smartgrowth\/smart\u2010growth\u2010and\u2010school\u2010siting. Accessed August 6 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","unstructured":"FrankLD.Youth Travel to School: Community Design Relationships with Mode Choice Vehicle Emissions and Healthy Body Weight. United States Environmental Protection Agency; 2008. Available at:https:\/\/archive.epa.gov\/epa\/sites\/production\/files\/2014\u201004\/documents\/youth_travel.pdf. Accessed February 16 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17217856"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17269\/cjph.104.4122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1612"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2013.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","unstructured":"GavinK PedrosoM.Implementing Safe Routes to School in low\u2010Income Schools and Communities: A Resource Guide for Volunteers and Professionals. Safe Routes to School National Partnership; 2010. Available at:https:\/\/www.saferoutespartnership.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pdf\/LowIncomeGuide.pdf. Accessed February 16 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2007.00001.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","unstructured":"US Census Bureau.2013\u20102017 American Community Survey 5\u2010Year Estimates. 2019. Available at:https:\/\/factfinder.census.gov\/faces\/tableservices\/jsf\/pages\/productview.xhtml?src=CF. Accessed July 17 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Education National Center for Education Statistics.Public Elementary\/Secondary School Universe Survey 2017\u201318 Education Demographic and Geographic Estimates (EDGE). 2019. Available at:https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/programs\/digest\/d19\/tables\/dt19_216.60.asp. Accessed July 8 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.9.887"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01944363.2014.956654"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30357-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30323-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2019.100789"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trip.2020.100290"}],"container-title":["Journal of School Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/josh.13125","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/josh.13125","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/josh.13125","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T16:02:09Z","timestamp":1693152129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/josh.13125"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/josh.13125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/josh.13125","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4391","1746-1561"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4391","type":"print"},{"value":"1746-1561","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-08-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}