{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:30:38Z","timestamp":1784698238558,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011227","name":"BCCDC Foundation for Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of School Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID\u201019\u2010disrupted schools, including shifts to virtual learning which may have impacted academic progress. This study assessed characteristics associated with changes in academic grades (before and during the pandemic) for different learning modalities for US students ages 13\u201019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Students (N\u00a0=\u00a02152) completed a web survey on school\u2010related experiences during the 2020\u20102021 school year. County social vulnerability and SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 transmission data were merged with survey data. Multivariable logistic regression analysis for grade change was conducted with student and school characteristics for each learning modality, controlling for community characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Greater proportions of remote\/virtual (34.4%) and hybrid (30.1%) learning students reported grade decline compared to in\u2010person students (19.9%). Among in\u2010person students, odds of reporting same\/improved grades were 65% lower among non\u2010Hispanic black students and 66% lower among non\u2010Hispanic students from other races, compared to non\u2010Hispanic white students. Among hybrid students, odds of reporting same\/improved grades for students reporting anxiety were 47% lower than students without anxiety, and odds of reporting same\/improved grades among students reporting substance use were 40% lower than students not reporting substance use. Among remote\/virtual students, odds of reporting same\/improved grades among students with depression were 62% lower than odds of students not reporting depression symptoms. Remote\/virtual students who received school\u2010provided educational services also had 1.55 times the odds of reporting same\/improved grades, compared to remote\/virtual students not receiving these services.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Academic grades were negatively impacted during COVID\u201019 and learning mode may have contributed. Understanding these impacts is critical to student health and academic achievement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.13243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T05:57:50Z","timestamp":1661147870000},"page":"1027-1039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Student and School Characteristics Associated With <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019\u2010Related Learning Decline Among Middle and High School Students in K\u201012 Schools*"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5941-5292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holly H.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgianne T.","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Health National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marci","family":"Hertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Adolescent and School Health National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Sliwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Health National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladislav","family":"Beresovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research and Methodology National Center of Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Hyattsville MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau.Week 5 Household Pulse Survey: May 28\u2013June 2. 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