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We also assessed whether each of 9 potential protective factors moderated the ED\u2010mental health relationship by testing interaction effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over 1 in 10 youth experienced past\u2010month ED, with variation by sex, gender identity, special education status, poverty, region, race\/ethnicity, and adverse childhood experiences. Net of sociodemographic factors, youth who experienced ED had higher likelihood for current depression (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.55, 1.73) and anxiety (AOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.41, 1.58) symptoms. Significant associations were robust across 5 racial\/ethnic groups, except for anxiety among American Indian\/Alaska Native youth. Individual, interpersonal, and school\u2010level protective factors appeared to mitigate depression and anxiety regardless of disciplinary experience.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings document ED disproportionality and possible ramifications for emotional well\u2010being.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In concert with structural efforts to reduce reliance on ED, strategies that bolster protective factors may support youth already impacted by ED and\/or mental health problems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.13405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T04:12:20Z","timestamp":1698034340000},"page":"128-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Pushed Out and Drawn In: Exclusionary Discipline, Mental Health, and Protective Factors Among Youth in Public Schools"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3639-0472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marvin","family":"So","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LifeLong Medical Care, William Jenkins Health Center  Richmond CA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Medical School  Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Freese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Translational Science Institute University of Minnesota  Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Medical School  Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073110519857316"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"SkibaRJ EckesES BrownK.African American disproportionality in school discipline: the divide between best evidence and legal remedy.New York Law School LawReview 2009:54."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Education Office of Civil Rights.2013\u20132014 Civil Rights Data Collection: A First Look;2016. 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