{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T18:15:09Z","timestamp":1791656109876,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54HL147127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54HL147127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of School Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adolescents' school engagement, mental health, and substance use have been major concerns during the COVID\u201019 pandemic, particularly given disruptions to school instruction. We examined how the instructional setting was associated with academic and health\u2010related outcomes within an adolescent cohort followed during the pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>During 3 semi\u2010annual follow\u2010up surveys, adolescents (N\u2009=\u20091066 students; 2242 observations) from 8 California high schools responded to items measuring academic self\u2010efficacy, school connectedness, internalizing and externalizing problems, and use of substances. Separate generalized estimating equation models predicted outcomes based on the instructional setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relative to in\u2010person instruction, students in remote instruction reported lower academic self\u2010efficacy (Beta: \u22120.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: \u22120.22, \u22120.01) and school connectedness (Beta: \u22120.37; 95% CI: \u22120.48, \u22120.25), greater odds of past 30\u2010day internalizing problems (AOR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.95), externalizing problems (AOR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.82), and cigarette, cigar, smokeless tobacco, or hookah use (AOR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.06, 5.91), but lower odds of past 30\u2010day e\u2010cigarette use (AOR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.86).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple adverse outcomes related to school engagement, mental health, and substance use were associated with remote instruction. To reduce such impacts under future emergencies, schools should rely sparingly on remote instruction and provide appropriate supportive resources.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.13418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T03:57:40Z","timestamp":1702439860000},"page":"501-508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Engagement, Mental Health, and Substance Use Under <scp>In\u2010Person<\/scp> or Remote School Instruction During the <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2046-4035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin W.","family":"Chaffee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education University of California San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, D3214 \u2013 Box 0758  San Francisco CA 94143."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education University of California San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, D3214 \u2013 Box 0758  San Francisco CA 94143."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4149-9376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth T.","family":"Couch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education University of California San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, D3214 \u2013 Box 0758  San Francisco CA 94143."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9276-1322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bonnie","family":"Halpern\u2010Felsher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REACH Lab, Division of Adolescent Medicine Stanford University, 770 Welch Road Suite 100  Stanford CA 94304."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.su7103a3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720005358"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-020-01332-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.964313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114881"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052470"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440221124122"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00182-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.27572"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.0541"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7140a3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss7105a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116468"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2021.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"Governor Gavin Newsom Issues Stay at Home Order.2020. Available at:https:\/\/www.gov.ca.gov\/2020\/03\/19\/governor\u2010gavin\u2010newsom\u2010issues\u2010stay\u2010at\u2010home\u2010order\/. Accessed March 19 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"California CORE Districts Improvement Measures. Available at:https:\/\/coredistricts.org\/our\u2010data\u2010research\/improvement\u2010measures\/. Accessed June 15 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"FarringtonC LevensteinR NagaokaJ.\u201cBecoming Effective Learners\u201d Survey Development Project. Society for Research on educational effectiveness.2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490601006055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000239"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702006074"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics.National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. NHANES Survey Methods and Analytic Guidelines. Hyattsville MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2017\u20132018Available at:https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/analyticguidelines.aspx. Accessed February 23 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-1346"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431604274174"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.09.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-021-00649-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2021.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107299"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08856257.2021.1872842"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13603116.2022.2107719"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15391523.2021.1991703"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306210"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.106992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106720"}],"container-title":["Journal of School Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/josh.13418","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T02:05:58Z","timestamp":1715565958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/josh.13418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/josh.13418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/josh.13418","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4391","1746-1561"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4391","type":"print"},{"value":"1746-1561","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}